1. Good morning!
Please silence your phone & put it in your bag or your cubby (# matches desk #)
Please get out you paper for notes and a pen.
Write the WHAP Word of the day & definitions.
Draw a picture for each word.
WHAP Word of the Day
Agrarian: farming or a person who farms
Pastoral: herding or raising animals like sheep, goats or cattle.

2. Today’s Agenda Questions?? What is History?
Review Paleolithic & Neolithic Ages
Characteristics of a Civilization
HMWK:
APQ 1 & Regions on Mon/Tues.
Chrome book check out on Mon/Tues.
Bring Student ID
Chrome book cover or backpack with padded section
Complete online RRHS User Agreement

3. I. The Paleolithic Era
Early humans were nomadic hunters & gatherers (had to move around to find their food)
This followed the seasonal migration of animals and availability of plants
Old
Stone
Age

4. How were Paleolithic peoples organized?
Small family groups of people.
Egalitarian societies- men and women share roles and are equal in status
Who was most suitable for hunting?
For camp management and gathering?
Whom do you suppose created cave art?

5. Living in Small Groups: Do it Yourself!
There was no government to take care of things
Everything had to be done within the family
Most people met less than 500 people in their lives
Family was ‘society’
Justice, education, eating, ceremonies all took place in small groups
Aboriginal ‘family’ group (1969)
migrating in Central Australia

6. Gift-giving was a vital way of holding groups together
Ceremonies were equally important
Contacts with neighboring groups were made at regular meetings and rituals, where
gifts and information were swapped
marriages made
Justice was personal
No police meant ‘Do-it-yourself’ justice
Living in small groups
Matel cut
Apache Ritual

7. Paleolithic Religion
Paleolithic Humans lived in a world filled with spirits and thought of themselves as part of the natural world
Natural phenomenon (like earthquakes, floods, rain, etc.) were associated with gods who were often associated with animals.
Believed that their spirits would return in the form of other animals or natural features of the landscape
Women were extremely important in this world of spirits. …Why?
Matel cut

8. Triple Burial at Dolni Vestonice, c. 26,000 BP
Does this show Paleolithic Humans had an awareness of an ‘after life’?
Matel cut

9. Did Paleolithic Foragers Live Well? “Living Standards”
The traditional view:
their lives were ‘nasty, brutish and short’
Modern views: their lives were
More egalitarian than ours (no states, no jails)
Healthier (fewer diseases, good, varied food)
Less stressful (more leisure, less pressure, strong sense of community)
Natufian
Settlement

10. Pace of Change in the Paleolithic Era
Change was slow but there was lots of change nevertheless:
Many new technologies were developed
Humans ‘adapted’ to many new niches by constructing new technologies
And humans spread all around the world!

11. II. The Neolithic Revolution
Around 8,000 B.C., the Neolithic Revolution occurred & early humans discovered how to farm & domesticate animals
New
Stone
Age

12. Farming changed the way humans lived:
People no longer had to be nomads
Food surpluses led to population increases
Farming villages became established along river valleys for their good soil & irrigation

13. The pace of change began to vary from region to region
Where denser populations appeared, change was faster
Where populations remained small and scattered, change was slower
So: Different parts of the world began to have very different histories
Matel cut :

15. Around 3,000 B.C., some farming villages became complex civilizations.?
Advanced cities

16. Early Agrarian (Neolithic) Era A World of Villages
Don’t assume that agriculture quickly led to towns, cities, states and ‘civilization’ (although it did eventually)
For many thousands of years it did not
Early agrarian technologies were:
much less productive than later technologies
but much more productive than those of the Paleolithic Era
and over time they slowly improved
So populations and resources began to grow faster
Matel cut

17. What were some major effects of the development of agriculture?

18. What were some major effects of the development of agriculture?
Agriculture allowed people to settle in one place for an extended period of time
Location was a key factor in the development of the first civilizations – along rivers, where flooding provided fertile soil

19. What were some major effects of the development of agriculture?
With a surplus (excess) of crops, humans developed small sedentary societies

20. What were some major effects of the development of agriculture?
Rise of patriarchy
The father is head of the family and ancestry and inheritance are traced through men
Ex- How many of you have your father’s last name?
What do we call it if the head of the family and your ancestry/inheritance is traced through your mother?
Females considered property
Male-dominated state & religious systems
Do you think Paleolithic societies were more patriarchal or matriarchal? Why/why not?

24. How did Neolithic Living Standards Change?
May have declined in early agrarian villages
Farmers relied on fewer foods than foragers, so:
Their diets were less varied (and farmers may have been less tall than neighboring foragers)
Famine became a real possibility if staple crops failed
Farmers probably worked harder than foragers
Farmers probably suffered higher levels of stress (we can tell from study of bones)