1. CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGIES Internationalization, Cooperation,Digitalisation Submitted to: Mr. Utkarsh Mangal
Anjali

2. Corporate Level strategies
Corporate level strategies are basically about decisions ..
Allocating resources
Transferring resources
Managing and nurturing a portfolio of businesses.

3. Internationalisation
Meaning of ICD .
Internationalisation
strategies
Cooperation
strategies
Digitalisation
strategies

4. Internationalisation strategies

5. Context for IS
International strategies are a type of expansion strategies, major factors, technologies, developments beyond the domestic or national market.

6. Pressures for local responsiveness
Decision to adopt IS
-Demand on a firm to minimize its unit cost - Attain benefit from economies of scale - national level differ.
Cost pressure
Pressures for local responsiveness

7. Types of IS
international
Global
Transnational
Multi
domestic

8. International Strategy : Create value by transferring product or service in foreign where not available. Multidomestic Strategy: When org. try to achieve a high level of local responsiveness by matching P & S to the national condition. Global Strategy : When rely on low cost approach and want to attain benefit of local economies and offering standardised P&S Transnational Strategy : when adopt a combined approach of low cost or high level responsiveness , for their P&S.

9. Classification of entry modes
Export entry modes
Contractual entry modes
Investment modes

10. Advantages . Realising economies of scale Realising economies of scope
Expansion & extension of markets
Access to resources overseas

11. High bureaucratic costs Higher distribution costs
Disadvantages .
Higher risks
Cultural diversity
High bureaucratic costs
Higher distribution costs
Trade barriers

12. Cooperative strategies

13. Meaning
The term co operation expresses the idea of simultaneous competition and cooperation among rival firms for mutual benefit. CS could take into account the possibility of mutual cooperation with competition.

14. Type of CS .
mergers
Strategic alliances
Joint ventures

15. Mergers Horizontal mergers Vertical mergers Concentric mergers
Conglomerate mergers

16. Why the buyer wishes to merge Why the seller wishes to merge
Reasons for mergers .
Why the buyer wishes to merge
Why the seller wishes to merge

17. Issues in mergers Strategic issues Financial issues Managerial issues
Legal issues

18. Joint venture strategies
Long term contractual agreement
By two or more parties
To beneficial economic activities
Exercise joint control

19. Type of joint ventures
. NTPC LTD & Indian Railway Bhartiya Rail Biijee Action Aid India and Tata institute of SS DLF and Nakheel,UAE for Township in india Kirloskar Brothers Ltd. And SPP pumps Ltd,UK for catering Apollo Tyres and Continental AG of GERMENY in Malaysia
Between two Indian organisations in one industry
Between two Indian organisations across different industries
Between Indian org. and foreign org.
Between Indian org. and foreign org. in foreign country
Between Indian and foreign org. in third country

20. Strategic issues in joint ventures
Increasing the market Share
Environmental Threats
Legal regulatory Hurdles

21. Advantages/Disadvantages.
Minimum risk
Reduce investment
Synergetic advantage
Participation
Problems in participation
Conflicts
Lack of coordination
Cultural

22. Strategic Alliances
Strategic alliances as a cooperative arrangement between two or more companies.
Yoshino and Rangan define strategic alliances in three characteristics
Two or more firms unite to pursue a set of agreed upon goals
Control over the performance of assigned tasks
Partner contribute on a continuing

23. Reasons for S Alliances
Entering new markets
Reducing manufacturing costs
Developing & diffusing technology

24. Digitalisation Strategies

25. Meaning
Digitalisation is a vast subject, encompassing a number of areas such as business, social or technology.
Computerisation
Electronisation
Digitisation

26. Digitalisation within and beyond organisations
Computerisation of records
Inetrconnectivity
Management Information system
Leading better decision making

27. Principles Acc. To Larry downes and Chunka mui Stage 1
Outsourcing to the customer
Cannibalising their markets
Treat same each customer
Creating groups
Stage 2
Replacing rude interfaces
Continuity for customer
Giving away information
Structuring transactions
Stage 3
Treating assets as liabilities
Destroying one value chain
Managing innovation
Hiring children

28. Digitalisation value chain
Deconstruction: product can be delivered through traditional means, but input in the physical product can be delivered digitaly. Ex: Computers
Disintermediation: When some process in the value chain are eliminated. Ex: Online booking
Re-intermediation: When processes in the value chain are supplemented by one or more intermediaries. Ex: Booksellers
Industry morphing: Situation where traditional
Industries are transforming into new type of industry. Ex: Banking

29. Cannibalisation: A set of activities are being replaced by new set of activities. Ex: internet booking
Techno-intensification: A situation where new technology is used and reduce the use of human resourse.
Re-channelling: Manufacturer focus on manufacture or marketing activities are done by outsourcing.

30. Digitalised business or E-business
In 1997 IBM created E-business system
It is about using the internet infrastructure and related technologies to enable business anywhere and anytime
Net enabled organisation or web enabled organisation

31. Works.. Using the website to disseminate product information only
Using the website as a minor distribution channel for selling directly to customers
Using the website as one of the major distribution channels to access customers
Using the website as the primary distribution channel to access buyers
Using the website as the exclusive channel to transact sales with customes

32. Digitalisation strategies.
E- market pattern
E- portal pattern
E- Channel pattern

33. Comparison of digital strategy.
Digital strategy
Traditional strategy

34. Summary
This chapter takes forward the theme of expansion strategies and discusses three types of expansion strategies : internationalisation, cooperation and digitalisation.