1. Cinematography Module - CIN303 – Week 02
John Deery
GONZÁLEZ IÑÁRRITU, A., et al. (2015). Birdman, or, (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance).

2. Using Cameras and Lenses
Sony PXW – X70
Sony Z-150
Canon C100

3. Using Cameras and Lenses
Terminology
Frame Rate – Frames Per Second (24 FPS)
Resolution – 1920 x 1080 px (Full HD)
Shutter Speed – Double the Frame rate
for ‘normal’ cinematic motion (1/48)
Aperture – Width of lens opening (F stop)
ISO – Sensitivity to Light
Depth of Field (DOF) – shallow focus

4. Shutter Speed Using Cameras and Lenses Fast Shutter Speed
Motion Frozen
1/1000th of a second
Jittery/ Staccato
Medium Shutter Speed
Motion Slightly Blurred
1/50th of a second
Normal Motion Blur at 24fps
Slow Shutter Speed
Motion Blurred
1/30th of a second
Blurry motion

5. Using Cameras and Lenses
Frame Rate – How many frames a camera captures per second – FPS
Shutter Speed – How long each of those frames is exposed for – Faster
Shutter speeds have no motion blur. ‘Normal’ motion blur in cinematography
Is achieved by doubling the frame rate -
Normal Frame Rate is 24 FPS , so Shutter speed should be 1/48 (1/50)

6. Using Cameras and Lenses
Aperture
How Wide the lens is open, letting light in.
Measured in F Stops – Closer to Zero is wide open
Controls DOF (Depth of Field)
Cinematographers normally use f2.8, f4 etc

7. Using Cameras and Lenses
Cine Prime Lenses
Fixed Focal Length (No Zoom)
Very Sharp
Excellent Lenses
Telephoto Lenses
Zoom Lenses
Allow a range of focal lengths
Flexible range of shots
Not as sharp in general

8. Using Cameras and Lenses
Depth of Field DOF
Shallow DOF
Wide Aperture – f1.8, f2, Low numbers
Subject sharp
Background Blurry

9. Using Cameras and Lenses
Hyperfocal Distance

10. Using Cameras and Lenses
ISO - Sensitivity
Makes your camera more sensitive to light.
Low numbers like ISO 100 and ISO 200 give very clean images
As you increase ISO you encounter Noise or Grain in your images
High ISOs (6400) can be very noisy and should be avoided where possible

11. Cinematography Framing and Composition Rule of Thirds
Divide frame into thirds - Place main focal point at intersection or along a line. Allows for movement and sense of space

12. Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing
Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

13. Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing
Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

14. Cinematography Framing and Composition Centre Framing
Makes a subject appear more imposing or direct, can make someone seemed trapped, provides symmetry

15. Leading Lines, Geometric Shapes and Patterns
Cinematography
Framing and Composition
Symmetry
Leading Lines, Geometric Shapes and Patterns

16. Cinematography Framing and Composition Low Camera Angle
Low angle shots make the actors seem bigger, more imposing and intimidating, looming down on the audience

17. Cinematography Framing and Composition Low Camera Angle
Low angle shots make the actors seem bigger, more imposing and intimidating, looming down on the audience

18. Cinematography Framing and Composition High Camera Angle
High angle shots can make a subject seem smaller, isolated or lost, it can make you feel removed from the scene, CCTV

19. Cinematography Framing and Composition Eye Level
Eye Level shots draw you directly into the scene and engage you in the action on screen, conversations, confrontations.