1. Paper 2: Cold War
The breakdown of the grand alliance and the emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe and Asia (1943–1949): role of ideology; fear and aggression; economic interests; a comparison of the roles of the US and the USSR
The US, USSR and China—superpower relations (1947–1979): containment; peaceful co-existence; Sino-Soviet and Sino-US relations; detente
Confrontation and reconciliation; reasons for the end of the Cold War (1980– 1991): ideological challenges and dissent; economic problems; arms race
Rivalry, mistrust and accord
Leaders and nations
The impact of two leaders, each chosen from a different region, on the course and development of the Cold War
The impact of Cold War tensions on two countries (excluding the USSR and the US)
Cold War Crisis
Cold War crises case studies: detailed study of any two Cold War crises from different regions: examination and comparison of the causes, impact and significance of the two crises

2. Sino-American Relations
Essential Question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Learning Outcomes - Students will:
Preview – Break down the question
Learn about the Sino-US rapproachment
Success Criteria
I can discuss who benefited from the Sino-US detente

3. Preview
When you sit down to answer a Paper 2 question. Once you have chosen your question, what do you do?
Step 1 – Breakdown the question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Step 2 – Outline
We have looked at 2 methods so far
1 – just plug in the info into the smaller questions
2 – list the vocab to find themes

4. Vocab
“One China Policy”

5. Reading 3 lessons on this topic SL & HL - The Cold War - Pg. 133-149
Make sure you are adding to
Notes
Essential Question
Class vs. Textbook
Class – discuss the main ideas and themes, with some evidence
Textbook – provides further evidence to support your claims & provides practice questions
3 lessons on this topic

6. Sino-US Problems Issue Evidence Pre-1969 Reasons for Change Solution
Post-1969 US
China
Ideological
Taiwan
Containment Policy in Asia
Nuclear Power

7. Relations Before 1969 - Ideological
Mao – “Today, the danger of a world war and the threats to China come mainly from the warmongers in the US”
PRC sent agents to Latin America to promote communist revolution
US – believed in the monolithic view of communism
Ex. White Paper and McCarthyism

8. Relations Before 1969 - Containment
Korean War – US believes that Mao and Stalin organized and planned the communist invasion
As the Americans entered, Mao worried that the US would have a stepping stone to China itself
PRC troops attack US forces as they approached their border with North Korea
General MacArthur proposed using nuclear weapons against China
“Tells the Chinese to surrender or else!!!”
Impact
US will support other Asian countries to counter Communist China
Ex. SEATO
Japan – reverse course
China provides aid to North Vietnam
Ex. 320,000 Chinese soldiers

9. Relations Before 1969 - Taiwan
Taiwan – US does not recognize Red China and supports Chiang Kai Shek while Mao views Taiwan as part of mainland China
One China Policy - US gives ‘China’s seat’ in the UN and Security Council, not mainland China
Sino-American Mutual Defence Treaty
1958 – Mao bombs Quemoy and Matsu leading to potentially another war
US threatens massive retaliation using its nuclear weapons
US gives economic and military aid to Taiwan

10. Relations before 1969 - Nuclear
Nuclear Policy
Mao – “…our country has 600 million…the US cannot annihilate the Chinese nation with its small stack of atom bombs”
US threatened nuclear weapons during the Korean War and the Taiwan Crisis

11. Sino-US Problems Issue Evidence Pre-1969 Reasons for Change Solution
Post-1969 US
China
Ideological
Taiwan
Containment Policy in Asia
Nuclear Power

12. Paper 2: Cold War
The breakdown of the grand alliance and the emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe and Asia (1943–1949): role of ideology; fear and aggression; economic interests; a comparison of the roles of the US and the USSR
The US, USSR and China—superpower relations (1947–1979): containment; peaceful co-existence; Sino-Soviet and Sino-US relations; detente
Confrontation and reconciliation; reasons for the end of the Cold War (1980– 1991): ideological challenges and dissent; economic problems; arms race
Rivalry, mistrust and accord
Leaders and nations
The impact of two leaders, each chosen from a different region, on the course and development of the Cold War
The impact of Cold War tensions on two countries (excluding the USSR and the US)
Cold War Crisis
Cold War crises case studies: detailed study of any two Cold War crises from different regions: examination and comparison of the causes, impact and significance of the two crises

13. Sino-American Relations
Essential Question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Learning Outcomes - Students will:
Preview – add to our outline
Learn about the reasons for change and its impact
Complete their table
Success Criteria
I can create an outline answering the essential question

14. Preview
When you sit down to answer a Paper 2 question. Once you have chosen your question, what do you do?
Step 1 – Breakdown the question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Step 2 – Outline
What info do we have now?
How could we use this?

15. VOcab
Realpolitik Ping-pong diplomacy Treaty of Friendship Open Door Policy

16. Reading 3 lessons on this topic SL & HL - The Cold War - Pg. 133-149
Make sure you are adding to
Notes
Essential Question
Class vs. Textbook
Class – discuss the main ideas and themes, with some evidence
Textbook – provides further evidence to support your claims & provides practice questions
3 lessons on this topic

17. Reasons for Change – Chinese Perspective
Nuclear Policy
1964 – China successfully develops a nuclear bomb
Now considered a superpower and cannot be threatened by the US, as was done in the 1950s
Domestic Policies
Need for economic aid after the Failure of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution
Sino-Soviet Split
Further aggression by the USSR
Ex. Brezhnev Doctrine
USSR may attempt to isolate China
Ex – North Vietnam supported the USSR agents in Vietnam as a result of the $670 million in aid

18. Reasons for Change – US Perspective
Failure of Containment in Asia, particularly Vietnam
US foreign policy is largely focused on Vietnam, specifically getting out
Wanted to end the Chinese support for the North
New President Nixon and Advisor Kissinger
Nixon gained a reputation in the 1950s for being a strong “anti-communist” and thus could not be labeled “soft”
Kissinger believed in realpolitik
Sino-Soviet Split
US abandons the monolithic view of communism
Cold War
Put pressure on the USSR to seek detente

19. What happened? April 1971 – Ping pong diplomacy
US ping-pong team visits China and vice versa
Nixon and Kissenger open up secret communication channals to China
July 1971 – Kissinger secretly visits China to prepare for a further visit from Nixon
Feb 1972 – Nixon makes an official visit to China

20. What happened? - Immediate
Who benefited most from this Sino-US détente?
China Got….
US got…
UN membership – 1971 Nixon supports giving PRC China’s seat on the Security Council and UN membership
Taiwan – US would no longer oppose PRC but will not give up Taiwan
Japan – 1978 – Treaty of Friendship signed and second most important trading partner
1979 – Open Door Policy
new leader Deng Xiaoping travels to the US to organize a trade agreement and receive foreign investment
Vietnam – Sino-US détente gave weight to peace negotiations with Soviet backed N. Vietnamese Soviets – forced to seek/maintain detente

21. Sino-US Problems Issue Evidence Pre-1969 Reasons for Change Solution
Post-1969 US
China
Ideological
Taiwan
Containment Policy in Asia
Nuclear Power

22. Postview
When you sit down to answer a Paper 2 question. Once you have chosen your question, what do you do?
Step 1 – Breakdown the question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Step 2 – Outline
How will you organize your paragraphs?

23. Paper 2: Cold War
The breakdown of the grand alliance and the emergence of superpower rivalry in Europe and Asia (1943–1949): role of ideology; fear and aggression; economic interests; a comparison of the roles of the US and the USSR
The US, USSR and China—superpower relations (1947–1979): containment; peaceful co-existence; Sino-Soviet and Sino-US relations; detente
Confrontation and reconciliation; reasons for the end of the Cold War (1980– 1991): ideological challenges and dissent; economic problems; arms race
Rivalry, mistrust and accord
Leaders and nations
The impact of two leaders, each chosen from a different region, on the course and development of the Cold War
The impact of Cold War tensions on two countries (excluding the USSR and the US)
Cold War Crisis
Cold War crises case studies: detailed study of any two Cold War crises from different regions: examination and comparison of the causes, impact and significance of the two crises

24. Sino-American Relations
Essential Question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Learning Outcomes - Students will:
Write the main body paragraphs
Success Criteria
I can compare my paragraphs with the markscheme

25. IB Practice Step 1 – choose your question
Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Step 2 – break it down
Step 3 – outline
Which method?
1 – fill in the blanks under the question
2 – write out the vocab
Step 4 – write your thesis
Step 5 – write your main body paragraphs
Tips – what is the keyword in the question?
This keyword should appear many times within the analysis of each main body paragraph
Analysis should go after every piece of evidence you write

26. Evaluate the causes of the change in US-Chinese relations after 1969
Candidates should address the reasons from both the US and Chinese perspectives and produce an assessment of the reasons for change that occurred in each country. The emphasis is on understanding the reasons not in providing a narrative or catalogue of events. Candidates should demonstrate some awareness of the historical context from 1969 onwards and how this contributed to the desire of both states to seek a change in their relationship. The reasons for the US to seek a change in relations with China may include: the war with Vietnam had weakened the American economy and both its ability and desire to continue its containment policy against Communism; it sought to enter a new relationship with China to reduce tensions in Asia; it sought a new Chinese relationship as a means to pressure the USSR into agreeing to détente through which the arms race and Cold War competition could be reduced with resulting declines in tension and economic expenditure. The influence of Henry Kissinger, a practitioner of realpolitik, was also important as he helped to move the United States away from its ideological hostility to Communist states. The ongoing hostility of China towards the USSR could be used by the Americans as a counter to Russian attempts to gain greater influence in the Third World. In subsequent years the United States sought to further improve its relations with China as a means of increasing opportunities for US industry and investment. This economic relationship expanded dramatically after the death of Mao and the adoption of new economic policies in China. The reasons for China to seek a new relationship with the US may include: China’s relationship with the USSR which had continued to deteriorate since China was increasingly concerned about the USSR: armed conflict had broken out in 1969 between the two and there was a fear of further Russian aggression (possibly nuclear). In addition China was on bad terms with other neighbouring states such as North Korea. China needed to establish the possibility of a relationship with the US in order to diminish the possibility of Soviet aggression. In addition the Chinese economy was in a poor condition after the Cultural Revolution and would benefit from the ability to develop trade and technology links with the US. The withdrawal of the US from Vietnam reduced the possibility of conflict between the US and China in Asia and opened the door for better relations. After the death of Mao, a more pragmatic administration sought to expand the Chinese economy through a better relationship with the United States.