1. 3 November 2016 EQ – What is the Old Kingdom & the importance of religion in Ancient Egypt?
Bellringer:
1st of the Three Kingdoms
Old Kingdom
Social Pyramid
Cornell Notes over Ppt.-Open your packets to page 3-Cornell Notes
HW: Work on Areas to Study – due Tuesday
Ancient Egypt “Quest” on Wednesday

2. The Three Kingdoms of Egypt

3. Old Kingdom
2700 BC – 2200 BC
Ruled by strong pharaohs who were thought to be both king and god.
During the Old Kingdom, the king of Egypt (not called the Pharaoh until the New Kingdom) became a living god, who ruled absolutely and could demand the services and wealth of his subjects

4. Old Kingdom
Egypt's Old Kingdom (Dynasties 3–6, ca. 2649–2150 BCE) was one of the most dynamic periods in the development of Egyptian art.
During this period, artists learned to express their culture's worldview, creating for the first time images and forms that endured for generations.
Architects and masons mastered the techniques necessary to build monumental structures in stone
WONDER OF THE WORLD
Khufu, son of Snefru and second ruler of the 4th dynasty moved the royal necropolis to Giza, north of modern-day Cairo. According to ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Khufu enslaved his people to build his pyramid. But archaeologists have since disproved his account.

5. Egyptian Social Pyramid
Pharaoh
Nobles
(Officials & Priests)
Often related to the Pharaoh
Merchants, Scribes & Craftspeople
Farmers ~ 80% of the population!
Servants & Slaves

6. Old Kingdom Egyptian social pyramid consisted
of pharaohs and nobles on top with farmers and slaves on
the bottom.

7. Old Kingdom Egyptians traded with their neighbors. Ex: wood
perfume and medicine
gold, ivory, and stone

8. Old Kingdom Polytheistic Religion
Much of the religion focused on the afterlife
Built large temples and pyramids for burial and the afterlife. (It was during this Kingdom that the pyramids were built.)
They symbolized the pharaoh’s importance & the shape symbolized the pharaoh’s journey to the afterlife….but they were $$$$

9. 2200 BC – 2050 BC
The building and maintaining of pyramids was expensive. The pharaoh’s wealth and power declined.
Nobles gained enough power to challenge the pharaoh’s authority.
Without a central ruler, trade was disrupted and the Egyptian people faced economic hardship and famine.

10. End of the Old Kingdom
During the sixth dynasty (2345–2181 BCE) the power of pharaoh gradually weakened in favor of powerful nomarchs (regional governors). These no longer belonged to the royal family and their charge became hereditary, thus creating local dynasties largely independent from the central authority of the pharaoh. Internal disorders set in during the incredibly long reign of Pepi II (2278–2184 BCE) towards the end of the dynasty. His death, certainly well past that of his intended heirs, might have created succession struggles and the country slipped into civil wars mere decades after the close of Pepi II's reign.
The final blow was a severe drought in the region that resulted in a drastic drop in precipitation between 2200 and 2150 BCE, which in turn prevented the normal flooding of the Nile.[11] The result was the collapse of the Old Kingdom followed by decades of famine and strife. An important inscription on the tomb of Ankhtifi, a nomarch during the early First Intermediate Period, describes the pitiful state of the country when famine stalked the land.

12. Split to 3 Ba (soul) Ka (life force ) Akh (“effectiveness”)
Human headed bird
Ka (life force )
spirit double
Akh (“effectiveness”)

14.
Now….you try it!

15. November 7th, 2016 Bellringer: Dear History Student….
Answer the questions from the confused Egyptians.
Middle & New Kingdom Notes
How did they Start & End?
HW: Read Chapter 4.3
Finish the Areas to Study
Quest on Wednesday

16. Dear History Student Dear History Student,
The pharaoh says that I must work on the upcoming pyramid build. I HATE physical labor. I am thinking of just skipping out. What do you think?
From, Pyramid Hater
I am so sick of saving up all of my money to be mummified. I want to use it to buy stuff NOW! I, mean, what’s the point? I’ll be dead!
From, I Wanna Shop!

17. Middle Kingdom
2050 BC – 1750 BC
Mentuhotep II defeated his rivals and brought unity back to Egypt.

18. Middle Kingdom
Trade resumed, irrigation was repaired, and writing was rediscovered.
Cities kept their political independence. (Pharaohs had little power)

20. 1750 BC – 1550 BC
But…they began to experience internal disorder. The pharaohs could not hold the kingdom together.
The Hyksos from Southwest Asia conquer Lower Egypt. (They had horses, chariots, and advanced weapons.)
Egyptians have to pay high taxes to the foreign rulers.

21. New Kingdom
1550 BC – 1050 BC
Ahmose defeats the Hyksos and declares himself pharaoh of all Egypt.
Period during which Egypt reached its height of power and glory.

22. New Kingdom
Egyptian army invades and conquers neighboring land and turned Egypt into an empire.
Military conquests made Egypt rich.
Recreates old trade routes.

23. New Kingdom Queen Hatshepsut increases the number of new trade cities.
The wealth gathered from trade was used to support the arts and architecture.

24. End of the New Kingdom Ramses the Great was a great military ruler
He fought against the Hittites (from the North East)
After Ramses died, the Sea Peoples invaded Shortly after the invasions of the Sea Peoples and Hittites, the New Kingdom ended

25. Work/Daily Life
Scribes were highly honored – they worked for the government and temples. Many became very wealthy.
Most Egyptian women were devoted to their homes & families, but some had jobs outside of the home.
Women had some legal rights – they could own land, have contracts & divorce their husbands.
– Looking Good Ancient Egyptian Style