1. Trichomonas vaginalis
trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Amal Hassan

2. Introduction
A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as sexually transmitted infection (STI) or venereal disease (VD), is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between humans or animals by means of sexual contact

3. which is a serious sexually transmitted pathogen.
Genus Trichomonas
Its includes a group of flagellated protozoa It infect humans and animal
Human Trichomonads:
3 species of trichomonads found in human.
Two are normally harmless.
T. hominis which inhabit large intestine & non pathogenic.
T. tenax which inhabit oral cavity & commensals.
T. vaginalis is the Urogenital pathogenic flagellate
which is a serious sexually transmitted pathogen.

4. Urogenital flagellate: Trichomonas vaginalis
Causes : Trichomoniasis
Geog. Distribution : worldwide
Habitat: T. vaginalis trophozoite lives:
In the vagina and urethra
of infected females.
In the urethra and
Prostate of infected males
(Never becomes cyst)
Transmitted directly during sexual intercourse from infected partner to the other,and during dealings with contaminated matters (clothes, cotton..etc)
axostyle
flagella
Nucleus

5. T. Vaginalis trophozoite
Fg=flagella
Bb=basal body
Nu=nucleus
Ax=axostyle
um=undulating membrane
Cy=cytostomal groove
Cs=costa
No Cyst stage

7. Life cycle: flagella are found in the genital tract.

8. Pathogenesis and Clinical picture
In women
Trophozoites feed on mucosal surface of vagina and urethra producing sloughing of squamous epithelial cells
Asymptomatic (50%)
Profuse odourous (foul-smelling) discharge, burning, itching, dyspareunia, frequency of urination and dysuria.
On examination:
Excessive discharge, diffuse vulval erythema
Vaginal wall inflammation (Strawberry cervix)
vagina
Pathogenesis and Clinical picture

9. Infection is frequently asymptomatic
In men
Infection is frequently asymptomatic
Symptoms appear when infection involves prostate or higher part of uro-genital tract.
Thin discharge and
dysuria
Enlarged tender prostate
and epididymitis
prostate
On examination
urethra
epididymus

10. Vaginitis - Trichomoniasis
Profuse, frothy discharge,
yellow-greenish in color
foul odor, vulvar pruritus
Patchy vaginal erythema and
(strawberry
cervix)

11. Diagnosis Microscopic examination of wet film from discharge
Culture of discharge. (modified Diamond’s media)
Detection of T.vaginalis antigen in discharge by: Enzyme immunoassay.
Direct fluorescent antibody test.
Detection of DNA of the parasite by Molecular techniques

12. Epidemiology and Control
Treatment
Metronidazole + Vinegar vaginal douche
Treatment of sexual partner simultaneously
Epidemiology and Control
and Control
Most common between humans at the age of 16-35
High incidence in ladies with deficient feminine hygiene
Treatment of the patient and the sexual partner simultaneously
Diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic males
Use of condoms to prevent infection