1. Parasitology
Level:6 Dr. Abeer El-Sherbiny And Dr. Abeer Babeker

2. difference between a cyst and a trophozoite
1. Cyst • non-dividing • rigid cell coat • resistant to H20 dryness • can survive outside of host in most ambient conditions • transmission stage
2. Trophozoite • dividing (binary fission) • labile cell membrane • disease causing stage • cannot survive outside of host

3. Classification of Protozoan Parasites:
subphylum
Phylum
Sarcomastigophora
Sarcodina
Acanthamoeba,Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba gingivalis, Entamoeba histolytica
Dientamoeba
Mastigophora
Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas (homini, tenax ,vaginalis)
Leishmania (braziliensis, donovani, tropica)
Trypanosoma brucei complex, Trypanosoma cruzi
Balantidium coli
Ciliophora
Bebesia spp., Cryptosporidum hominis, Cyclospora cayetansis, Isospora belli, Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma
Apicomplexa
diarrhea
Enterocytozoon
Microspora

4. Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae Entamoeba histolytica
Habitat: Large intestine
Main host: Man
Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors)
Infective Stage: Mature cyst
Disease: Amoebic dysentery, Amoebiasis
Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts
Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts)

6. Class: Sarcodina or Amoebae
Entamoeba histolytica
Cyst in stool
Cyst stained with trichrome

7. Entamoeba histolytica
Trophozoite in stool

8. Class: Ciliophora 1-Balantidium coli
Habitat: Large intestine
Main host: Man
Intermediate host: No ( There is a reservoir host= Pigs)
Infective Stage: Mature cyst
Disease: Balantidiasis, Balantidial dysentery
Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts
Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage(cysts)

9. Class: Ciliophora Balantidium coli Trophozoite stained by haematoxlin
Cyst in stool
Trophozoite in stool

10. Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum
In human include 4 generia (Giardia, Trichomonas, leishmania, and trypanosoma
Intestinal Flagellates
Giardia lamblia( Duodenum Jejunm)
Trichomonas hominis) Caecum).
Trichomonas tenax in mouth
Oral & Urogential Flagellates :T. vaginalis in vagina and urethra .
Blood & Tissues Flagellates or Haemoflagellates
Leishmania and Trypanosoma

11. Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates) 1-Giardia lambelia
Habitat: Small intestine ( duodenum)
Main host: Man
Intermediate host: No ( There is a mechanical vectors)
Infective Stage: Mature cyst
Disease: Giardiasis
Diagnosis: In Stool to detect cysts
Mode of infection: Eating food or drinking water contaminated with Infective Stage( Mature cysts)

12. Flagellata or Mastigophora subphylum
Morphology & Life cycle
Trophozoite (tear shape) have Parabasal bodies 4 pairs of flagella, 2 sucking discs, 2 nucleus
Cyst have wall and 4 nucleus in fecal sample

14. Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates)
Giardia lambelia
Cyst stained with trichrome
Trophozoite in stool
Cyst in stool

15. Class: Zoomastigophora( Flagellates)
2- Trichomonas vaginalis
trophozoite form

16. Trichomonas vaginalis
in Vaginal Secretions in female urinary bladder, cervix urethra, and vagina
In male in urethra, prostate gland
Morphology & Life Cycle have not cyst have Trophozoite only characterize by undulating membrane,
4fllagella and one fllagellum one big round nucleus in the center of cell Infected stage Trophozoite

17. structure of tricomonas vaginitis

18. 3-Trypanosoma
Bloodstream Trypomastigote of Trypanosoma brucei ssp(T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense) in thin blood smears stained with Giemsa

19. 4- Leishmania
Leishmania spp. amastigotes
 Leishmania sp. promastigotes

20. Class: Sporozoa (Apicomplexa) 1-Plasmodium
Trophozoites of P. vivax (ring stage) in thin blood smear
Trophozoites of P. vivax (amoeboid stage) in thin blood smear
Ruptured schizont of P. vivax in a thin blood smear, showing free merozoites and haemozoin pigment.

21. 2-Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites (trophozoites) of Toxoplasma gondii
Bradyzoites (cyst) of Toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin.