1. Evolution : Rural to Urban
Evolution of settlements

2. EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS
Development:

3. Evolution of Settlements - Historically
Primitive Human settlements around 13,000 – 10,000 BCE as man advanced from hunting-gathering to farming (Agriculture)
Prime objective of settlement is safety and prosperity as well as vicinity to permanent natural resources
“A city should be built to give its inhabitants security and happiness” – Aristotle

4. Evolution of Settlements - Historically
Initial settlements of circular huts in unorganized patterns
With the establishment of settlement came leadership and different status equations
For example, Skara Brae, Scotland – primitive unorganized human settlement

5. ANCIENT ORGANIZED SETTLEMENTS OF WORLD
RANGING FROM 10,000 TO 5 LAC POPULATION

6. DIFFERENT ANCIENT SETTLEMENT FORMS:
City of Ur; Mesopotamia – CIRCULAR FORTIFIED
Mohenjo Daro, Indus Valley – GRID IRON

7. Meso America: AXIAL FORM
Athens: TOPOGRAPHICAL FORM

8. Evolution of Settlements - Historically
These settlements are primarily agrarian and aimed for safety.
Mostly fortified, with moats and guard towers
Agricultural areas outside the fortification
Equipped with basic source of water supply, food storage – granaries, public health and hygiene places – baths, gyms as well as military and administrative places.
Religion and socio-political force as well as common source of livelihood and race were binding elements of those settlements
Inter-settlement cultural, trade and political connections

9. EXAMPLE : MILETUS

10. Miletus
Hippodamus of Miletus lived through the Classical era Greece during the fifth century BCE. As an architect and city planning he developed an urban plan based on streets intersecting at right angles, known as the Hippodamian Plan – Gridiron Plan.
The Hippodamian plan is based on a grid of right angles and the allocation of public and private space. The center of the city is the home of the city’s most important civic public spaces, including the agora, theatres, and temples. Private rooms surround the city’s public arenas.
Since the Hippodamian plan is based on angles and measurements, it can be laid out uniformly over any kind of terrain.
Hippodamus arranged the buildings and the streets of Miletus around 450 BC such that the winds from the mountains and the sea close to Miletus could flow optimal through the city and provide a cooling during the hot summer. In De architectura libri decem Vitruvius also mentions that in planning we have to consider the influence of the winds.

11. The art of Town Planning
An art of shaping and guiding the physical
growth of the town creating buildings and
environments to meet the various needs
such as social, cultural, economic and
recreational etc. and to provide healthy
conditions for both rich and poor to live, to
work, and to play or relax.