1. Thermal Energy, Temperature and Heat
Thermal Energy vs. Temperature vs. Heat
Heat
Heat Transfer
Methods of Heat Transfer
Conduction, Convection and Radiation
Specific Heat Capacity
The Principle of Heat Exchange

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3. Thermal Energy vs. Temperature
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Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a substance
If particle motion increases, temperature increases
If left together long enough, temperature between two substances will equal out

4. Check Your Understanding
If you have two samples of water each at 100°C but sample A contains 1.0 kg of water and sample B contains 2.0 kg of water:
Which sample’s molecules have a higher average kinetic energy? What does this value represent?
Which sample has a greater thermal energy? Why?

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6. Thermal Energy vs. Temperature vs. Heat
Thermal Energy is the total energy of a substance (EK + Eg)
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a substance
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7. Heat
What is Heat? Heat is energy. Objects cannot possess heat, they can only possess energy.
When heat is added to a system, energy is added to the atoms
This increases the thermal energy and temperature
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9. Methods of Heat Transfer - Conduction
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The picture shows how a metal rod is heated by the candle
Prolonged contact with the flame will increase the temperature and thermal energy of the metal causing it to become very hot

10. Methods of Heat Transfer - Convection
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Particles of the fluid move around, carrying energy with them
This hot fluid is less dense causing it to rise while the cold fluid moves down
The thermal energy is transferred from hot places (i.e. warm air) to cold places (i.e. cold air)
i.e. ovens, home furnaces
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12. Methods of Heat Transfer - Radiation
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13. Conduction, Convection and Radiation

14. Check Your Understanding - Explain
Why would putting a metal skewer into a potato decrease cooking time?
Clothes irons have plastic handles
Smoke rises up the chimney
The best place to put a heater is on the floor
Why can conduction and convection not occur in space

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16. Quantity of Heat Gained or Lost (Q)
The amount of heat gained or lost by a body
Q = mcΔt
Q is a measure of heat energy therefore the units are in J

17. Check Your Understanding
How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of kg of water from 20°C to the boiling point? Give your answer in MJ

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19. The Principle of Heat Exchange
When heat is transferred from one system to another, the amount of heat lost by the hot system equals the amount of heat gained by the cold system
Therefore,
Qlost = Qgain & Qlost + Qgain = 0
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20. Check Your Understanding
A 200-g piece of iron at 350°C is submerged in 300 g of water at 10°C to be cooled quickly. Determine the final temperature of the iron and the water. Note: tf for water and iron will equal. cwater = 4.18 x 103 ciron = 4.5 x 102