1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM & DISEASES
LUNGS & AIR PASSAGES

2. WHY ARE THEY NEEDED TAKE IN OXYGEN REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE
GAS NEEDED BY ALL BODY CELLS
REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE
GAS THAT IS A WASTE PRODUCT PRODCUED BY THE CELLS

3. HOW MUCH O2 DO WE HAVE?
FOUR TO SIX MINUTES SUPPLY

4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
MUST WORK CONTINOUSLY OR DEATH WILL OCCUR

6. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
NOSE
PHARYNX
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
ALVEOLI
LUNGS

7. NOSE
TWO NOSTRILS (NARES)
OPENINGS WHICH AIR ENTERS

8. NASAL SEPTUM PARTITION OR WALL
CARTILAGE DIVIDES THE NOSE INTO HOLLOW SPACES

9. NASAL CAVITIES TWO HOLLOW SPACES LINED WITH A MUCOUS MEMBRANE
RICH BLOOD SUPPLY
WARMS AIR
FILTERS AIR
MOISTENS AIR

10. MUCOUS MEMBRANE
PRODUCES MUCOUS
TRAPS PATHOGENS
GERMS
TRAPS DIRT

11. CILIA TINY HAIRLIKE STRUCTURES IN NASAL CAVITY TRAPS DIRT
TRAPS PATHOGENS
TRAPPED PARTICLES PUSHED TOWARD ESOPHAGUS
SWALLOWED

12. OLFACTORY RECPTORS
LOCATED IN NASAL CAVITY
SENSE OF SMELL

13. LACRIMAL DUCTS DRAIN TEARS FROM EYES DRAINS INTO NOSE
PROVIDES ADDITIONAL MOISTURE FOR THE AIR

14. SINUSES CAVITIES IN THE SKULL AROUND THE NASAL AREA
CONNECTED TO NASAL CAVITY BY SHORT DUCTS
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
WARMS & MOISTENS AIR
RESONANCE FOR THE VOICE

15. PHARYNX THROAT LOCATED BEHIND THE NASAL CAVITIES
AIR LEAVES NOSE & ENTERS PHARYNX

16. THREE SECTIONS OF THE PHARYNX
NASOPHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX

17. NASOPHARYNX UPPER PORTION BEHIND NASAL CAVITIES PHARYNGEAL TONSILS
ADENOIDS
LYMPHATIC TISSUE
EUSTACHIAN TUBE OPENINGS LOCATED

18. OROPHARYNX MIDDLE SECTION LOCATED BEDHIND ORAL CAVITY
RECEIVES AIR & FOOD FROM THE MOUTH

19. LARYNGOPHARYNX BOTTOM SECTION OF PHARYNX BRANCHES INTO TRACHEA
CARRIES AIR TO AND FROM THE LUNGS
ESOPHAGUS
CARRIES FOOD TO STOMACH

20. LARYNX VOICE BOX CARTILAGE CALLED BETWEEN THE PHARYNX & TRACHEA
ADAM’S APPLE

21. LARYNX VOCAL CORDS OPENING BETWEEN VOCAL CORDS AIR ENTERS LUNGS
TWO FOLDS
OPENING BETWEEN VOCAL CORDS
GLOTTIS
AIR ENTERS LUNGS
VOCAL CORDS VIBRATE
PRODUCE SOUND OR SPEECH

22. LARYNX EPIGLOTTIS PIECE OF CARTILAGE LEAF LIKE STRUCTURE
CLOSES THE OPENING INTO LARYNX DURING SWALLOWING
PREVENTS FOOD & LIQUIDS FROM ENTERING RESPIRATORY TRACT

23. TRACHEA OR WINDPIPE TUBE EXTENDING FROM LARYNX TO CENTER OF CHEST
CARRIES AIR BETWEEN PHARYNX & BRONCHI
SERIES OF C-SHAPED CARTILAGE
OPEN ON THE DORSAL SURFACE
HELPS KEEP TRACHEA OPEN

24. BRONCHI TWO DIVISIONS OF TRACHEA BRONCHUS LUNGS NEAR CENTER OF CHEST
ENTERS LUNG
CARRIES AIR
TRACHEA TO LUNGS
LUNGS
BRONCHI DIVIDE INTO SMALLER BRONCHI

25. SMALLEST BRACHES
BRONCHIOLES
END IN AIR SACS CALLED ALVEOLI

26. ALVEOLI AIR SACS RESEMBLE BUNCH OF GRAPES
ONE LAYER OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM TISSUE
RICH NETWORK OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES
ALLOW OXYGEN & CARBON DIOXIDE TO EXCHANGE BETWEEN LUNGS & BLOOD

27. LUNGS ORGANS RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG DIVISIONS OF THE BRONCHI & ALVEOLI
3 SECTIONS OR LOBES
SUPERIOR, MIDDLE & INFERIOR
LEFT LUNG
TWO LOBES
SUPERIOR & INFERIOR
SMALLER
HEART LIES MORE TO THE LEFT SIDE OF CHEST

28. PLEURA MEMBRANE OR SAC ENCLOSING EACH LUNG THORACIC CAVITY BOTH LUNGS
HEART
MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS

29. PROCESS OF RESPIRATION
TWO PHASES
INSPIRATION
EXPIRATION

30. INSPIRATION INHALATION PROCESS OF BREATHING IN AIR DIAPHRAGM
DOME SHAPED MUSCLE THORACIC & ABDOMINAL CAVITY IN

31. Respiratory System Physiology
Automatic Function
Primary drive: increase in arterial CO2
Secondary (hypoxic) drive: decrease in arterial O2
Normally we breathe to remove CO2 from the body, NOT to get oxygen in

32. Respiratory Assessment
Initial Assessment
Rate, depth, Quality

33. Assessment Cont. Airway Listen to patient breathe, talk
Noisy breathing is obstructed breathing
But all obstructed breathing is not noisy
Snoring = Tongue blocking airway
Stridor = “Tight” upper airway from partial obstruction

34. Assessment Cont…. Airway Anticipate airway problems with
Decreased LOC
Head trauma
Maxillofacial trauma
Neck trauma
Chest trauma
OPEN—CLEAR—MAINTAIN

35. Assessment Cont… Breathing Is patient moving air?
Is air moving adequately?
Is the patient’s blood being oxygenated?

36. Assessment Cont…. Breathing LOOK LISTEN Symmetry of chest expansion
Increased respiratory effort
Changes in skin color
LISTEN
Air movement at mouth, nose
Air Movement in peripheral lung fields

37. Assessment Cont… FEEL RATE POSITIONING Air movement at mouth, nose
Symmetry of chest expansion
RATE
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
POSITIONING
Orthopnea
Tripod position

38. Assessment Cont… Dyspnea Respiratory Distress
Subjective sensation that breathing is excessive, difficult, or uncomfortable
Respiratory Distress
Objective observations that indicate breathing is difficult or inadequate

39. DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

40. ASTHMA
RESPIRATORY DISORDER

41. CAUSATIVE AGENTS SENSITIVITY TO AN ALLERGEN STRESS OVEREXERTION
DUST
POLLEN
ANIMALS
FOODS
STRESS
OVEREXERTION
INFECTIONS

42. SYMPTOMS OCCUR BRONCHOSPASMS NARROW OPENING OF BRONCHIOLES
MUCUS PRODUCTION INCREASES
EDEMA DEVELOPS IN MUCOSAL LINING

43. SYMPTOMS DYSPNEA WHEEZING COUGHING WITH EXPECTORATION OF SPUTUM
TIGHTNESS IN CHEST

44. TREATMENT BRONCHODILATORS TO ENLARGE BRONCHIOLES EPINEPHRINE
OXYGEN THERAPY

45. PREVENTING ASTHMA ATTACKS
IDENTIFY ALLERGEN
ELIMINATE ALLERGEN
DESENSITIZATION TO ALLERGENS

46. BRONCHITIS
INFLAMMATION
BRONCHI
BRONCHIAL TUBES

47. ACUTE BRONCHITIS CAUSED BY INFECTION SYMPTOMS PRODUCTIVE COUGH DYSPNEA
CHEST PAIN
FEVER

48. TREATMENT
ANTIBIOTICS
EXPECTORANTS TO REMOVE EXCESSIVE MUCUS

49. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS OCCURS AFTER FREQUENT ATTACKS OF ACUTE BRONCHITIS
LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS OR SMOKING
CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
DAMAGED CILIA
ENLARGED MUCOUS GLANDS

50. SYMPTOMS EXCESSIVE MUCUS PRODUCTIVE COUGH WHEEZING & DYSPNEA
CHEST PAIN
PROLONGED EXPIRATION OF AIR

51. TREATMENT
NO CURE
ANTIBIOTICS
BRONCHODILATORS
RESPIRATORY THERAPY

52. COPD CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
ANY CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE THAT RESULTS IN OBSTRUCTION OF AIRWAY

53. COPD
INCLUDE DISORDERS SUCH AS
ASTHMA
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
EMPHYSEMA TB

54. CAUSES SMOKING IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OTHER FACTORS INCLUDE ALLERGIES
CHRONIC RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

55. EMPHYSEMA NONINFECTIOUS CHRONIC RESPIRATORY CONDITION
WALLS OF THE ALVEOLI DETERIORATE
LOSE ELASTICITY
CARBON DIOXIDE REMAINS TRAPPED IN THE ALVEOLI
POOR EXCHANGE OF GASES

56. CAUSE
HEAVY SMOKING
PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS

57. SYMPTOMS DYSPNEA FEELING OF SUFFOCATION PAIN BARREL CHEST
CHRONIC COUGH
CYANOSIS
RAPID RESPIRATIONS WITH PROLONGED EXPIRATION
RESPIRATORY FALURE ……….DEATH

58. TREATMENT NO CURE AVOID SMOKING BRONCHODILATORS
PROMPT TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
OXYGEN THERAPY
RESPIRATORY THERAPY

59. EPISTAXIS
NOSEBLEED
CAPILLARIES IN NOSE BECOME CONGESTED AND BLEED

60. CAUSES INJURY OR BLOW TO NOSE HYPERTENSION CHRONIC INFECTIONS
ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS
BLOOD DISEASES
HEMOPHILIA
LEUKEMIA

61. TREATMENT COMPRESS NOSTRILS ELEVATE HEAD TILT FORWARD SLIGHTLY
APPLY COLD COMPRESSES
NASAL PACKS
CAUTERIZE THE BLEEDING VESSEL
ELIMINATE UNDERLYING CAUSE

62. INFLUENZA (FLU) CONTAGIOUS VIRAL INFECTION UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SUDDEN ONSET

63. SYMPTOMS
CHILLS
FEVER
COUGH
SORE THROAT
RUNNY NOSE
MUSCLE PAIN
FATIGUE

64. TREATMENT BED REST FLUIDS ANALGESICS ANTIBIOTICS PAIN FEVER
NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST VIRUSES
GIVEN TO AVOID SECONDARY INFECTIONS
PNEUMONIA

65. LARYNGITIS INFLAMMATION MAY OCCUR WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS LARYNX
VOCAL CORDS
MAY OCCUR WITH RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

66. SYMPTOMS HOARSENESS LOSS OF VOICE SORE THROAT DYSPHAGIA
DIFFICULTY IN SWALLOWING

67. TREATMENT REST FLUIDS LIMITED USE OF THE VOICE MEDICATIONS
INFECTION IF PRESENT

68. PLEURISY INFLAMMATION OF PLEURA
MEMBRANES OF THE LUNGS
OCCURS WITH PNEUMONIA OR OTHER INFECTIONS

69. SYMPTOMS SHARP STABBING PAIN WHILE BREATHING CREPITATION DYSPNEA FEVER
GRATING SOUNDS IN THE LUNGS
DYSPNEA
FEVER

70. TREATMENT REST MEDICATIONS TO RELIEVE PAIN & INFLAMMATION
FLUID COLLECTION IN PLEURAL SPACE
THORACENTESIS
WITHDRAWAL OF FLIUD THROUGH A NEEDLE

71. PNEUMONIA INFLAMMATION INFECTION OF LUNGS
BUILD UP OF EXUDATE IN ALVEOLI
CAUSED BY BACTERIA, VIRUS, OR CHEMICALS

72. SYMPTOMS
CHILLS
FEVER
CHEST PAIN
PRODUCTIVE COUGH
DYSPNEA
FATIGUE

73. TREATMENT BEDREST FLUIDS ANTIBIOTICS IF INDICATED RESPIRATORY THERAPY
PAIN MEDICATION

74. RHINITIS INFLAMMATION OF NASAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE RUNNY NOSE SORENESS
CONGESTION

75. COMMON CAUSES
INFECTIONS
ALLERGENS

76. TREATMENT
FLUIDS
MEDICATION TO RELIEVE CONGESTION

77. SINUSITIS INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE LINING SINUSES
CAUSED BY BACTERIA OR VIRUS

78. SYMPTOMS HEADACHE PRESSURE THICK NASAL DISCHARE CONGESTION
LOSS OF RESONANCE IN VOICE

79. TREATMENT ANALGESICS MEDICATIONS TO LOOSEN SECRETIONS
MOIST INHALATIONS
SURGERY
CHRONIC SINUSITIS
OPENS CAVITIES
ENCOURAGE DRAINAGE

80. TB TUBERCULOSIS INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF THE LUNGS CAUSED BY BACTERIA
MYCOBACTERUIM TUBERCULOSIS

81. WBC MAY SURROUND INVADING TB ORGAMISMS
WALLS OFF CREATING A NODULE CALLED TUBERCLE
ORGANISMS REMAIN DORMANT IN THE TUBERCLE
CAN CAUSE ACTIVE CASE OF TB
LATER IF BODY REISITANCE IS LOW

82. SYMPTOMS OF ACTIVE TB FATIGUE CHEST PAIN FEVER NIGHT SWEATS
WEIGHT LOSS
HEMOPTYSIS
COUGHING UP BLOOD TINGED SPUTUM

83. TREATMENT
ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS
DESTROY BACTERIA
GOOD NUTRITION
REST

84. URI UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION COMMON COLD
INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE LINING UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

85. CAUSED BY
VIRUSES
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

86. SYMPTOMS FEVER RUNNY NOSE WATERY EYES CONGESTION SORE THROAT
HACKING COUGH

87. NO CURE MINIMAL TREATMENT SYMPTOMS LAST ABOUT 1 WEEK
ANALGESICS FOR PAIN & FEVER
REST
INCREASED FLUID INTAKE
ANTIHISTAMINES
RELIEVES CONGESTION

88. THE END