1. War and its impact on Life 1939-47
Initial impact of war- autarky, rationing, Hitler youth no air raids til 1943.
Women mill worked 13 mill men in war
Jan 1943 women to sign up for work %
Propaganda- Goebbels- press radio films positive
Stalingrad and bombing Jan save fuel food
1942-5
Speier- Reich minister for armaments and production
Efficiency rose 30%
Shortages- food, fuel and clothes rationed
Allied bombing- Dresden destroyed, 1 ½ mill missions
Berlin Hamburg ruins millions homeless
Cologne killed
Volkssturm- home guard old men and boys defends Berlin in 1945
Jewish People
Emigration to Madagascar? Ghettos Warsaw 55,000
Einsatzgruppen- murder squads million R Jews killed- Final solution idea Himmler Wannsee 1942
Death Camps Poland far from Germany Auschwitz started
Operating March 1942 in Belzec. 2 groups work or death
Zyklon B gas. 6 to 11 millions? Liberated January 1945
Opposition
Young people- Edelweiss Pirates pamphlets
Cologne pirates 12 publically hanged Swing groups music
White Rose Group- Prof Huber, Hans and Sophie Scholl
Leaflets Munich uni 1943 hanged
Religious groups-P Martin Niemoller prison
P Bonhoeffer- Operation 7, 1942 prison executed 1945
C Von Galen 1944 arrested after bomb Plot released 1946
Military- Kresiau circle: Socialists, army, clergy General Beck
2 failed 1943 Stauffenberg aristocrat, Colonel left eye, right arm
Operation Valkyrie May S chief of staff briefcase bomb
20 July Large oak table in meeting. Leg of table saved Hitler
5746 people executed 19 Generals and 27 Colonels and Rommel
Defeat and after
Allied advance Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944, Eastern front
Fall of Berlin Volssturm 2- 8 May 1945
Death of Hitler- bunker, cyanide shot 30 April burned?
Goebbels and family- 25%homes, 3.25 m soldiers 3.6 civilians
Why? RAF , Ind resources, 2 fronts, U boat sonar radar,
Resistance, Errors; Dunkirk, Stalingrad, Normandy, Leaders, unity
Punishment Yalta and Potsdam 1945 split into zones and Berlin
Nuremberg trials wage war, crimes vrs peace, humanity and
abuse prisoners
Denazification, uniform medals, party GB USA Fr USSR
War and its impact on Life