1. Classification of Fungi by G. M. Smith (1955)
Dr. Prachi Kshirsagar

2. A system of classification of fungi
Smith, G.M. (1938). Cryptogamic Botany, vol. 1. Algae and fungi.
Smith, G.M. (1955). Cryptogamic Botany, vol. 2. Bryophytes and pteridophytes.
2 – division and 7 classes
Classification of fungi based on following features
Nature of somatic (Vegetative) phase (Unicellular or multicellular – septate or aseptate)
Nature of asexual spore (sporangiospore and conidia)
If sporangiospore (motile/non-motile; no., form and arrangement of flagella)
Kinds of sporangia
Presence or absence of sexual reproduction

3. Myxomycophyta Eumycophyta (Slime Moulds) (True Fungi)
Subkingdom Fungi
Division
Myxomycophyta Eumycophyta
(Slime Moulds) (True Fungi)
Class
1. Myxomycetae 1. Phycomycetae (Algal fungi)
2. Plasmdiophoreae 2. Ascomycetae (Sac fungi)
3. Aerasieae 3. Basidiomycetae (Club fungi)
4. Deuteromycetae (Imperfect)

4. Division I - Myxomycophyta
Salient Feature:-
Feed on bacteria and other organic particles
Thallus non-green, multinucleate (diploid) mass of protoplasm (Plasmodium – amoeboid in shape)
Plasmodium naked; it doesn’t possess limiting cell wall
Reproduces by uni-nucleate spore with distinct wall
Members are free-living, diploid and holocarpic
Classified under PROTIST (organism neither plant nor animal)under five kingdom classification system
Found on damp forest, under logs, on dead organic material`

5. Division I - Myxomycophyta
Fuligo septica (Dog vomit slime mold)
Trichia varia
Hemitrichia serpula

6. Class – Myxomycetae (Myxomycophyta)
Plasmodia free living, large (several cm)
Plasmodia are non-parasitic; grow on substratum, highly colored
Nutrition holozoic (engulfing food like amoeba)
Creeps on substratum like amoeba
Sporangia have outer wall (Peridium)
Spores also have definite wall
Flagella – Whiplash and Tinsel
Sexual reproduction by fusion of biflagellate gametes
Divided into 2 sub-class 1. Endosporeae 2. Exosporeae
60 genera and 400 sp. e.g. Didymium, Physarum, Stemonitis, Hemitrichia

7. Class – Myxomycetae (Myxomycophyta)
Stemonitis sp.
Didymium sp.

8. Class – Plasmodiophoreae (Myxomycophyta)
Large, multinucleate, naked plasmodium
Vegetative development takes place within the living tissue of the host plant
Nutrition – parasitic
Spore possess wall
Flagella dissimilar
Spore germinate to form biflagellate swarmer
e.g. Plasmodiophora (Obligate parasite)

9. Class – Plasmodiophoreae (Myxomycophyta)
Plasmodiophora causing disease to brassicaceae (Club root)

10. Class – Acrasieae (Myxomycophyta)
Members are free living
Multinucleate plasmodium absent
Swarmers are totally absent (flagella absent)
Large no. of uninucleate myxamoebae fuse to from pseudoplasmodium
Myxamoebae retains its individuality
Pseudoplasmodium forms a sorocarp (fruiting body)
Sorocarp has distinct sterile and fertile region
E.g. Dictyostellium

11. Class – Acrasieae (Myxomycophyta)
Dictyostellium discoedium – fruting body
Dictyostellium discoedium - vegetative
Dictyostellium sp.

12. Division II - Eumycophyta
Possess definite cell wall
Thallus filamentous
Hypha branched or unbranched, septate/aseptate (Coenocytic)
Heterotrophic (Saprophyte or parasite)
Asexual reproduction occurs by variety of spore
Sexual reproduction absent in Deuteromycetes
Sexual reproduction by 1. Plasmogamy 2. Karyogamy
3.700 genera and 36,000 sp.
Have 4 classes
1. Phycomycetae
2. Ascomycetae
3. Basidiomycetae
4. Deuteromycetae

13. Division II - Eumycophyta
Saccharomyces Sp.
Rhizopus Sp.
Polyporus
Agaricus Sp.

14. Class – Phycomycetae – Algal Fungi (Eumycophyta)
Shares character with algae
Terrestrial (Mucor, Rhizophus), Aquatic (Saprolegnia)
Thallus unicellular (Synchetrium); filamentous uni or multinucleate coenocytic hypha (Mucor, Cystopus)
Parasitic or saprobes
Asexual reproduction- naked zoospore (uni/biflagellate)
Sexual reproduction: Isogamous, Anisogamous or oogamous (Planogametic copulation)
Plasmogamy immediately followed by karyogamy
First division of fertilization is meiosis (reduction divission)
Thus diploid phase is shot duration
e.g. Synchetrium, Pythium, Phytopthora, Cystopus, Mucor, Rhizophus

15. Class – Phycomycetae (Eumycophyta)
Saprolegnia Sp. (Aquatic)
Mucor Sp.
Pythium Sp.
Albugo Sp.

16. Class – Ascomycetae – Sac Fungi (Eumycophyta)
Characteristic ascospore (Meiospore) produced inside a Ascus (sac)
Thallus mycellial type except Yeast and some other members
Mycellium multicellular, septate with a central pore
Motile cell absent
Asexual reproduction – conidia (exogenous)
Sexual reproduction oogamous in primitive
Separate male and female sex organs formed i.e. Ascogonia and Anthredia
Plasmogamy not immediately followed by Karyogamy thus establishes a dikaryon
Karyogamy immediately followed by meiosis
Karyogamy and meiosis occurs in Ascus foming ascospore (8)
Asci produced in Ascocarp (Fruiting body)
e.g. Saccharomyces, Claviceps, Penicillium, Aspergillus

17. Class – Ascomycetae (Eumycophyta)
Penicillium Sp.
Saccharomyces Sp.
Aspergillus Sp.

18. Class – Basidiomycetae – Club Fungi (Eumycophyta)
Includes Mushroom and their allies, jelly fungi, smuts and rust
Mycellium has 2 phases
1. Primary – made up of uninucleate cells (Monokaryotic phase)
2. Secondary – made up of binucleate cells (Dikaryotic phase – nuclei from 2 different strain)
Asexual reproduction by spore (Rare)
Motile cells absent
Sexual reproduction through fusion of primary hypha (no special reproductive structure)
Sexual reproduction: Plasmogamy (nuclei transfer), Karyogamy and Meiosis
Dikaryotic mycellium produces Basidiocarp
Basidiospores forms in Basidium (Sporangium)
Basidiospores (Meiospore) arranged on Sterigmata
No. of basidiospore (4), exceptionally (2-8)

19. Class – Basidiomycetae (Eumycophyta)
Puccinia Sp. (Wheat Rust)
Agaricus Sp. (Mushroom)
Polyporus Sp. (Bracket Fungi)
Geastrum Sp. (Earth Star)

20. Class – Deuteromycetae – Imperfect Fungi (Eumycophyta)
Perfect stage i.e. sexual stage absent or not known so far
Fungi don’t form zygote, ascospore or basidiospore
Hypha septate, cells may be uni, bi or multinucleate
Saprophyte or parasite
Asexual reproduction – conidia, blastospore, chlamydospore
Mycelia sterila – spores are not form at all
e.g. Alternaria Sp., Curvularia Sp., Cercospora Sp., Colletotrichum Sp., Fusarium Sp.

21. Class – Deuteromycetae (Eumycophyta)
Alternaria Sp.
Fusarium Sp.
Colletotrichum Sp.
Cercospora Sp.

22. Life cycle pattern in Cystopus (Albugo)
Dr. Prachi Kshirsagar

23. Systematic position in Albugo (G. M. Smith)
Division: Eumycophyta –
Presence of definite cell wall (fungal cellulose)
Plant body mycelium, uni or multicellular
Class: Phycomycetae –
Mycellium asepate, coenocytic, branched
Spores many i.e. conidia
Subclass: Biflagellatae –
Asexual reproduction by means of biflagellate Zoospore
Sexual reproduction oogamous
Order: Peronosporales –
Sporangia function as conidia,
Sporangia detach from mycellium
Family: Albuginaceae –
Obligate parasite,
Sexual reprodcution oogamous (Oospores are formed)
Myceium intercellular
Genus : Cystopus (Albugo)
Produce rust like pustules on leaves hence called as ‘white rust’
Asexual reproduction by chains of conidia which are in basipetal manner

24. Albugo - Introduction