1. Genetics

2. Simple, discrete traits

3. Self-pollination, cross-pollination

4. True breeding
Monohybrid cross
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation

5. Laid the idea of blending to rest
Applied mathematics to results
Got the same ratio each time, regardless of the trait

6. Law of Segregation Each parent had two separate copies of the factor
Dominant vs recessive factors
Factors separated when gametes were formed
Random fertilization = random fusion of all possible gametes

7. Locus
Allele
Dominant vs recessive
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genotype
Phenotype
Testcross
Punnett squares
Pedigrees

8. Dihybrid Cross Law of independent assortment:
Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs
All possible combinations of factors can occur in the gametes
Assumption: genes are on different chromosomes

10. What screws this up?
Crossing over
Linked genes

11. It ain’t that simple…

13. Incomplete Dominance

14. Sex linked traits

15. Codominance

16. Multiple Alleles

17. Incomplete Penetrance

18. Pleiotropy
Abnormal connective tissue

19. Polygenic Inheritance

20. Chromosomal Changes
Nondisjunction: trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) and Klinefelter’s
Point mutations: sickle cell anemia
Chromosomal mutations: Cri du chat, Williams

21. Nonnuclear inheritance
Chloroplasts and mitochondria carry own DNA
Transmitted from mom to kids

22. Environmental Effects

23. AP Standard
The student is able to construct a representation that connects the process of meiosis to the passage of traits from parents to offspring
The student is able to apply mathematical routines to determine Mendelian patterns of inheritance provided by data sets