1. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ADAMS
PALONCHA
ECE
MINI PROJECT
PRESENTATION

2. V.VAMSI KRISHNA B.RAJASHEKAR P.UMA MAHESHWAR V.SAMPATH KUMAR
TRAFFIC DENSITY ANALYZER
CUM SIGNALLING by
V.VAMSI KRISHNA
B.RAJASHEKAR
P.UMA MAHESHWAR
V.SAMPATH KUMAR
PROJECT GUIDE,
B.RAJA RAMESH SIR

3. ABSTRACT Every one is very familiar to traffic lights.
The main purpose of traffic lights is to control the float of vehicles (traffic).
The basic principle of working of present traffic lights is timer.
The specialty in our system is traffic is controlled by analyzing the density of vehicles floating.
The whole system is developed by implementing embedded systems.
This can be mainly implemented in metropolitan cities.

4. Micro controller Density sensors BLOCK DIAGRAM A p Power supply l i a
Logic
circuitary

5. HARDWARE REQUIRED Power Supply. Micro Controller. Density Sensors.
Led’s.

6. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
. A Regulated Power Supply is the Power Supply with Rectification, Filtering and Regulation being done on the AC mains to get a Regulated power supply for Microcontroller and for the other devices being interfaced to it.
A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL LINEAR POWER SUPPLY

8. TRANSFORMER : A transformer is an electrical device which is used to convert electrical power from one Electrical circuit to another without change in frequency.

9. RECTIFIER
A circuit which is used to convert a.c to dc is known as RECTIFIER. The process of conversion a.c to d.c is called “rectification”.
TYPES OF RECTIFIERS:
Half wave Rectifier
Full wave rectifier
1. Centre tap full wave rectifier.
2. Bridge type full bridge rectifier.

10. BRIDGE RECTFIER

11. FILTER
A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component of rectifier output but allows the d.c component to reach the load.
Ceramic
E M I
Delay line
Micro wave B.P.F
Micro wave LC

12. Voltage regulator ICs are available with
REGULATOR (LM78XX)
Voltage regulator ICs are available with
fixed (typically 5,12 and 15v) or variable
out put voltages.
They are also rated by the maximum current
they can pass.
Mainly for use in dual supplies.

13. FEATERS OF REGULTOR(78XX)
Output Current of 1.5A .
Output Voltage Tolerance of 5%.
Internal thermal overload protection.
Internal Short-Circuit Limited.
Output Voltage 5.0V, 6V, 8V, 9V, 10V, 12V, 15V, 18V, 24V.

15. MICRO CONTROLLER
Micro controller is a micro computer with few other applications for specific devices on a single chip.
In this project work the micro-controller is playing a major role.
Micro-controllers were originally used as components in complicated process-control systems.

16. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER

17. Compatible with MCS-51 Products. 4K Bytes of In-System Re programmable
Features of AT89C51
Compatible with MCS-51 Products.
4K Bytes of In-System Re programmable
FlashMemory(Endurance:1,000Write/Erase Cycles).
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz.
Three-level Program Memory Lock.
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters.
Six Interrupt Sources .
Programmable Serial Channel.
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.

18. PIN DIAGRAM OF 8051

19. PIN DISCRIPTION VCC : Supply Voltage GND : Ground PORT 0 PORT 1 PORT 2
RST : Reset
ALE/PROG : Address Latch Enable
PSEN : Program Store Enable
EA : External Access Enable
XTAL 1
XTAL 2

20. Port 0: PORT 1: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port.
As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs.
When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high- impedance inputs.
PORT 1:
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.

21. pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal
pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are
externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups.
Port 3:
Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups.
Port 3 receives some control signals for Flash programming
and verification.

22. RST:
Reset input.
The input of this pin is high , it reset the microcontroller.

23. ALE/PROG:
Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory.
PSEN:
Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory.
EA/VPP:
External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.
XTAL1 & XTAL2:
Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.
Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

24. OSCILLATER CHARACTERISTICS

25. GENERAL VIEW OF MICRO CONTROLLER

26. Micro controller chip

27. Density sensors :

29. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE LEDs are just tiny light
bulbs that fit easily into an electrical circuit.
But unlike ordinary incandescent bulbs,
they don't have a filament that will
burn out, and they don't get especially hot.
They are illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a. semiconductor material.

32. CONCLUSION Saying in general terms the present traffic
System is open loop system.
The present system we explained is a closed
loop system i.e. it has feed back.
We can also add extra features to the system
like implementing GSM using RF.
It will be easy to estimate the total flow of traffic.

33. SOFTWARE REQUIRED
Embedded C
Keil software

34. REFERENCES MICRO CONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS MOHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI

35. THANK YOU