1. The World At War
World War I

7. Short Term Causes of World War I
Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo, Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist

8. Long Term Causes Of World War I
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

9. Militarism
the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests

10. Alliances
pact between two or more countries to advance common goal and secure common interests

11. Imperialism
policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign counties, or of acquiring and holding colonies or territories

12. Nationalism
strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance, also the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free from foreign domination

13. A New Kind of War
Trench Warfare – a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other.
led to a stalemate
Stalemate: any position or situation in which no action can be taken or progress made; deadlock

15. Weapons of World War I Machine Guns – also led to stalemate
Airplanes – used for reconissance
Poison Gas – Employed by the Germans, Within seconds of inhaling its vapour it destroyed the victim's respiratory organs, bringing on choking attacks
Tanks – broke the stalemate of trench warfare

16. The United States Enters the War
Sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat
May 7, 1915
Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare violating the Sussex Pledge
Commercial vessel
Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans

17. The United States Enters the War
The Zimmerman Telegram
Secret telegram sent by Germany to Mexico to get Mexico to fight against the U.S. in exchange for former Mexican territories (i.e. Texas)

18. American Military Selective Service Act May 18, 1917
Authorized the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into WWI through compulsory enlistment of men

19. American Military John J. Pershing
Commander of the American Expeditionary Force
Turned an inexperienced group of men in to well trained soldiers

20. Battle of Argonne Forest
Sept. 26, 1918
Last major battle of WWI
American force of over 1 million soldiers advanced against the Germans
42 days of fighting
Pushed Germans back
Cut German supply lines

21. Sgt. Alvin York Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
Led an attack on a German machine gun nest taking 32 machine guns, killing 28 Germans, capturing 132 others during Battle of Argonne Forest

22. Foreign Policy Before WWI
Before the War
United States Foreign Policy
Neutrality or Isolationism
isolating one's country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one's country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding foreign entanglements

23. Espionage Act of 1917
Prohibited many forms of speech that was “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States or flag of the United States, or the uniform of the Army or Navy.”
President Wilson justified the Act saying that there was a need to protect the U.S. against “insidious methods of internal hostile activites”

24. Schenck v. US
Charles Schenck was a member of the Executive Committee of the Socialist Party in Philadelphia
The committee authorized the printing and mailing more than15,000 leaflets to men slated for conscription during WWI
The leaflets urged the men not to submit to the draft arguing that conscription constituted involuntary servitude, prohibited by the 13th Amendment

25. Importance of Schenck v. US
Severely limited the 1st Amendment right to free speech

26. Armistice Definition: A cease in hostilities; cease fire Nov 11, 1918
Germany officially surrenders

27. Treaty of Versailles
Officially ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers
The new Russian government was not invited
President Wilson came with a plan for world peace for all nations
France and Britain wanted revenge
No nation wanted to give up their imperialist territories

28. Treaty of Versailles Germany had to take 100% of the blame for WWI
Stripped Germany of 25,000 sq. miles of territory
Restricted German military to no more than 100,000 men
German Navy was severely reduced
Required Germany to pay reparations in the amount of $5 Billion

29. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson’s plan for World Peace
Created the League of Nations
Precursor to the United Nations
The purpose was to afford mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike
US Congress voted NOT to join, wanting a return to isolationism following WWI
Because powerful nations such as the U.S. and Russia did not join, the League of Nations collapsed