1. The Respiratory System

2. Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

3. Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Trap particles from incoming air and help control the temperature and water content of the air

4. Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Trap particles from incoming air and help control the temperature and water content of the air
Produce vocal sounds

5. Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Trap particles from incoming air and help control the temperature and water content of the air
Produce vocal sounds
Participate in the sense of smell

6. Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Trap particles from incoming air and help control the temperature and water content of the air
Produce vocal sounds
Participate in the sense of smell
Regulate blood pH

7. Organs of the Respiratory System
1) Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
pharynx
2) Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
lungs

8. The Nose Two nostrils- openings in which air can enter and leave
Nasal septum- divides the cavity into left and right cavities
Nasal conchae- bones that curl out, dividing the cavity into passageways

9. Mucus Membrane
Lines the nasal cavity and help increase its surface area
Contains pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Goblet cells secrete mucus
Blood vessels warm air

10. Cilia

11. Sinuses Air-filled spaces located within the skull
Reduce the weight of the skull
Affect the quality of the voice

12. Pharynx Behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and larynx
Common passageway for food esophagus and air larynx

13. Larynx Air enters the larynx through the glottis
The epiglottis folds over the glottis, preventing entry of liquids or food
Vocal cords surround glottis

14. Larynx

15. Trachea- “Windpipe”
C-shaped cartilage rings (hyaline cartilage) keep passageways open
Opening of cartilage is near the back of trachea to allow food to pass through the esophagus
Smooth muscle changes the size of the trachea when it contracts

16. Bronchi/Bronchioles
Trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi and so on…
Bronchiole: when the bronchi no longer have cartilage they are called bronchioles.

17. Bronchioles lead to Alveoli
Respiratory bronchioles open into passageways called alveolar ducts that end at alveolar sacs

18. Alveoli

19. The Lungs Contains Lobes Within the “pleural cavity”
Right lung= 3 lobes
Left Lung= 2 lobes
Within the “pleural cavity”
Parietal pleural membrane
Visceral pleural membrane

20. Breathing Vocab Ventilation: breathing
Inspiration: inhalation, breathing in
Expiration: exhalation, breathing out

21. Inspiration
Atmospheric pressure forces air into the lungs while diaphragm is contracting.
Pressure is higher outside the lungs

22. Expiration
The elastic recoil of the lung tissue and decreased diameter of the alveoli creates a very slightly greater pressure inside the lungs than the atmosphere, forcing the air out.

23. Respiratory Volumes
Measure by an instrument called a “spirometer”.

24. Respiratory Volumes
Tidal Volume: volume of air entering or leaving during a single normal respiratory cycle.

25. Respiratory Capacities
Vital capacity= the maximum amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during a forceful respiratory cycle.