Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
JOSE S. SANTIAGO M.D.
2
Respiratory System Interchange of gases
Called respiration or breathing Oxygen inhaled through the lungs Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air
3
Respiratory System Inhalation or inspiration-Oxygen in
Exhalation or expiration-CO2 out
4
Respiratory System – Structures
Nose and nasal cavity Nas/o Pharynx Pharyng/o
5
Respiratory System – Structures
Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Pleural and mediastinal cavities
6
Structures of the Respiratory System
7
Nose, Nasal Cavities, and Paranasal Sinuses
External nares Cilia Nasal cavity Nasal septum Olfactory neurons Paranasal sinuses
8
Pharynx (Throat) Nasopharynx Internal nares Eustachian tubes
Separated by nasal septum Eustachian tubes Adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils
9
Pharynx (Throat) Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
Palatine and lingual tonsils Laryngopharynx Opens into the larynx and esophagus
10
Larynx (Voice Box) Adam’s apple Epiglottis Vocal cords Glottis
11
Trachea (Windpipe) Extends from the larynx to the bronchi
Lined with mucous membranes and cilia Mainly muscle fibers C-shaped cartilage
12
Bronchi Trachea divides into two primary bronchi
Secondary and tertiary bronchi Bronchioles
13
Lungs Top of lung is apex Bottom of lung is base Right lung
Three lobes Superior, middle, and inferior
14
Lungs Left lung Alveoli and alveolar ducts Pulmonary capillaries
Two lobes Superior and inferior Alveoli and alveolar ducts Pulmonary capillaries
15
Pleural and Mediastinal Cavities
Pleural cavity Surrounds the lungs Parietal and visceral pleura Pleural fluid
16
Pleural and Mediastinal Cavities
Mediastinal cavity Lies between the lungs Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, and esophagus
17
Roots Adenoid/o adenoids Adenoidectomy-excision of the adenoids
18
Roots Alveol/o alveoli; air sacs Alveolar- pertaining to the alveoli
Alveolitis- inflammation of the alveoli
19
Roots Bronchi/o; bronch/o bronchus
Bronchiectasis- dilation of the bronchus Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchus Bronchospasm- sudden, involuntary contraction of the bronchus
20
Roots Bronchiol/o bronchioles; small bronchi
Bronchiolitis-inflammation of the bronchioles
21
Roots Laryng/o larynx; voice box
Laryngeal- pertaining to the voice box Laryngospasm- sudden, involuntary contraction of the voice box
22
Roots Lob/o lobe Lobar-pertaining to the lobe of the lung
Lobectomy-excision of a lobe of the lung
23
Roots Mediastin/o mediastinum
Mediastinoscopy-process of visually examining the cavity between the lungs
24
Roots Muc/o mucus Mucolytic-drug used to break down thick mucus
Water-best mucolytic
25
Roots Nas/o nose Nasolacrimal-pertaining to the nose and lacrimal apparatus Nasopharyngeal-pertaining to the nasopharynx
26
Roots Ox/o; ox/i oxygen Anoxia-lack of oxygen
Hypoxia-deficiency of oxygen
27
Roots Pector/o chest Pectoral –pertaining to the chest
Pectoral muscles Expectoration-coughing out materials from the lungs
28
Roots Pharyng/o pharynx; throat
Oropharyngeal-pertaining to the mouth and pharynx
29
Roots Phren/o diaphragm Phrenic-pertaining to the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve-nerve to the diaphragm
30
Roots Pleur/a; pleur/o pleura; pleural cavity
Pleuralgia-pain in the pleura Pleuritis (Pleurisy)-inflammation of the pleura
31
Roots Pneum/o lungs Pneumon/o; pulmon/o lungs
Pneumonia/Pneumonitis-inflammation of the lung Pulmonary edema-accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs
32
Roots Rhin/o nose Rhinitis-inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose Rhinorrhea-discharge from the nose Rhinoplasty-surgical repair of the nose RHINOPLASTY
33
Roots Sinus/o sinuses Pansinusitis-inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
34
Roots Thorac/0 chest;thorax
Thoracocentesis-surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural cavity Thoracoplasty- surgical reconstruction of the thorax Thoracotomy-process of cutting into the chest
35
Roots Trache/0 trachea;windpipe
Tracheotomy-process of cutting into the trachea Tracheostomy-new opening into the trachea is created and a tube is inserted
36
Suffixes -phonia voice Aphonia-loss of voice
Dysphonia-difficulty in speaking
37
Suffixes -pnea breathing Apnea-no breathing Bradypnea-slow breathing
Dyspnea-difficulty of breathing Eupnea-normal breathing Tachypnea-fast breathing Orthopnea-breathing only in upright position
38
Suffixes -ptysis spitting Hemoptysis-spitting up of blood
39
Suffixes -thorax chest Hemothorax-blood in pleural cavity
40
Suffixes -thorax chest Hydrothorax-watery fluid in pleural cavity
41
Suffixes -thorax chest Pneumothorax-air in the pleural cavity
42
Suffixes -thorax chest Pyothorax/empyema-pus in pleural cavity
43
Suffixes -thorax chest
Closed tube thoracostomy-treatment for hemothorax, hydrothorax, pneumothorax and pyothorax
44
Aging Costal cartilage hardens Thoracic cage becomes rigid
Elasticity of the lungs diminishes Respiratory muscles weaken Cilia less active Coughing reflex diminishes
45
Common Diseases Asthma Combination of:
bronchospasm, increased mucus secretion and wheezing
46
Common Diseases Emphysema- destruction of the alveoli
47
Common Diseases Lung cancer-malignant tumor or mass in the lungs
48
Common Diseases Pneumonia-infection and inflammation of the lung
49
Abbreviations AP anteroposterior CO2 carbon dioxide CXR chest X-ray
ERV expiratory reserve volume IRV inspiratory reserve volume O2 oxygen
50
Abbreviations PA posteroanterior PFT pulmonary function tests
R respiration RV residual volume SOA shortness of air SOB shortness of breath
51
Abbreviations T&A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy TV tidal volume
URI upper respiratory infection URT upper respiratory tract
52
THANK YOU
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.