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THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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Presentation on theme: "THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"— Presentation transcript:

1 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
JOSE S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2 Respiratory System Interchange of gases
Called respiration or breathing Oxygen inhaled through the lungs Passes to blood and carbon dioxide Removed from the blood and exhaled into the air

3 Respiratory System Inhalation or inspiration-Oxygen in
Exhalation or expiration-CO2 out

4 Respiratory System – Structures
Nose and nasal cavity Nas/o Pharynx Pharyng/o

5 Respiratory System – Structures
Nose and nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Pleural and mediastinal cavities

6 Structures of the Respiratory System

7 Nose, Nasal Cavities, and Paranasal Sinuses
External nares Cilia Nasal cavity Nasal septum Olfactory neurons Paranasal sinuses

8 Pharynx (Throat) Nasopharynx Internal nares Eustachian tubes
Separated by nasal septum Eustachian tubes Adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils

9 Pharynx (Throat) Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
Palatine and lingual tonsils Laryngopharynx Opens into the larynx and esophagus

10 Larynx (Voice Box) Adam’s apple Epiglottis Vocal cords Glottis

11 Trachea (Windpipe) Extends from the larynx to the bronchi
Lined with mucous membranes and cilia Mainly muscle fibers C-shaped cartilage

12 Bronchi Trachea divides into two primary bronchi
Secondary and tertiary bronchi Bronchioles

13 Lungs Top of lung is apex Bottom of lung is base Right lung
Three lobes Superior, middle, and inferior

14 Lungs Left lung Alveoli and alveolar ducts Pulmonary capillaries
Two lobes Superior and inferior Alveoli and alveolar ducts Pulmonary capillaries

15 Pleural and Mediastinal Cavities
Pleural cavity Surrounds the lungs Parietal and visceral pleura Pleural fluid

16 Pleural and Mediastinal Cavities
Mediastinal cavity Lies between the lungs Contains the heart, aorta, trachea, and esophagus

17 Roots Adenoid/o adenoids Adenoidectomy-excision of the adenoids

18 Roots Alveol/o alveoli; air sacs Alveolar- pertaining to the alveoli
Alveolitis- inflammation of the alveoli

19 Roots Bronchi/o; bronch/o bronchus
Bronchiectasis- dilation of the bronchus Bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchus Bronchospasm- sudden, involuntary contraction of the bronchus

20 Roots Bronchiol/o bronchioles; small bronchi
Bronchiolitis-inflammation of the bronchioles

21 Roots Laryng/o larynx; voice box
Laryngeal- pertaining to the voice box Laryngospasm- sudden, involuntary contraction of the voice box

22 Roots Lob/o lobe Lobar-pertaining to the lobe of the lung
Lobectomy-excision of a lobe of the lung

23 Roots Mediastin/o mediastinum
Mediastinoscopy-process of visually examining the cavity between the lungs

24 Roots Muc/o mucus Mucolytic-drug used to break down thick mucus
Water-best mucolytic

25 Roots Nas/o nose Nasolacrimal-pertaining to the nose and lacrimal apparatus Nasopharyngeal-pertaining to the nasopharynx

26 Roots Ox/o; ox/i oxygen Anoxia-lack of oxygen
Hypoxia-deficiency of oxygen

27 Roots Pector/o chest Pectoral –pertaining to the chest
Pectoral muscles Expectoration-coughing out materials from the lungs

28 Roots Pharyng/o pharynx; throat
Oropharyngeal-pertaining to the mouth and pharynx

29 Roots Phren/o diaphragm Phrenic-pertaining to the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve-nerve to the diaphragm

30 Roots Pleur/a; pleur/o pleura; pleural cavity
Pleuralgia-pain in the pleura Pleuritis (Pleurisy)-inflammation of the pleura

31 Roots Pneum/o lungs Pneumon/o; pulmon/o lungs
Pneumonia/Pneumonitis-inflammation of the lung Pulmonary edema-accumulation of excess fluid in the lungs

32 Roots Rhin/o nose Rhinitis-inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose Rhinorrhea-discharge from the nose Rhinoplasty-surgical repair of the nose RHINOPLASTY

33 Roots Sinus/o sinuses Pansinusitis-inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

34 Roots Thorac/0 chest;thorax
Thoracocentesis-surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural cavity Thoracoplasty- surgical reconstruction of the thorax Thoracotomy-process of cutting into the chest

35 Roots Trache/0 trachea;windpipe
Tracheotomy-process of cutting into the trachea Tracheostomy-new opening into the trachea is created and a tube is inserted

36 Suffixes -phonia voice Aphonia-loss of voice
Dysphonia-difficulty in speaking

37 Suffixes -pnea breathing Apnea-no breathing Bradypnea-slow breathing
Dyspnea-difficulty of breathing Eupnea-normal breathing Tachypnea-fast breathing Orthopnea-breathing only in upright position

38 Suffixes -ptysis spitting Hemoptysis-spitting up of blood

39 Suffixes -thorax chest Hemothorax-blood in pleural cavity

40 Suffixes -thorax chest Hydrothorax-watery fluid in pleural cavity

41 Suffixes -thorax chest Pneumothorax-air in the pleural cavity

42 Suffixes -thorax chest Pyothorax/empyema-pus in pleural cavity

43 Suffixes -thorax chest
Closed tube thoracostomy-treatment for hemothorax, hydrothorax, pneumothorax and pyothorax

44 Aging Costal cartilage hardens Thoracic cage becomes rigid
Elasticity of the lungs diminishes Respiratory muscles weaken Cilia less active Coughing reflex diminishes

45 Common Diseases Asthma Combination of:
bronchospasm, increased mucus secretion and wheezing

46 Common Diseases Emphysema- destruction of the alveoli

47 Common Diseases Lung cancer-malignant tumor or mass in the lungs

48 Common Diseases Pneumonia-infection and inflammation of the lung

49 Abbreviations AP anteroposterior CO2 carbon dioxide CXR chest X-ray
ERV expiratory reserve volume IRV inspiratory reserve volume O2 oxygen

50 Abbreviations PA posteroanterior PFT pulmonary function tests
R respiration RV residual volume SOA shortness of air SOB shortness of breath

51 Abbreviations T&A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy TV tidal volume
URI upper respiratory infection URT upper respiratory tract

52 THANK YOU


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