1. THE HUMAN RIGHTS

7. CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS

8. Civil and political rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals, and which ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.

9. IRELAND
Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic to the west of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St Georges Channel, and after which it is the largest island of the British Isles archipelago. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth.

10. A war of independence in the early 20th century was followed by the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades, and Northern Ireland which remained a part of the United Kingdom.

12. In decades that followed partition there were sporadic episodes of inter-communal violence. Nationalists, mainly Roman Catholic, wanted to unite Ireland as an independent republic, whereas unionists, mainly Protestant, wanted Northern Ireland to remain in the United Kingdom

13. But within the Nationalist community, while concern about the border was decreasing, there was increasing anger about discrimination in jobs, housing and voting rights.

14. This led to the formation of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association on the 1st February The NICRA took to the streets to demand their aims, which were:
1. One man one vote in local elections
2. the removal of gerrymandered boundaries
3. anti-discrimination laws
4. fair allocation of public housing

15. Scots: Derrie / Lunnonderrie Irish: Doire / Doire Cholmcille
DERRY / LONDONDERRY
Derry / Londonderry
Scots: Derrie / Lunnonderrie
Irish: Doire / Doire Cholmcille
Maiden City
Vita Veritas Victoria "Life, Truth, Victory" (Adapted from a decoration on the Craigavon Bridge)
 Derry / Londonderry shown within Northern Ireland
Population
Irish grid reference
District
County
Country
Northern Ireland
Sovereign state
United Kingdom
Post town
LONDONDERRY[1]
Postcode district
BT47 BT48
Dialling code
028
Police
Fire
Ambulance
EU Parliament
UK Parliament
Foyle
NI Assembly
Website
List of places UKNorthern Ireland

16. Bloody Sunday: Derry (Northen Ireland) Jenuary 30, 1972

18. What was supposed to be a demonstration for civil rights,became a real massacre.

19. They were demonstrating peacefully in opposition to the British government’s policy. Its purpose was to protest against interment without trial.

22. The First Battalion of the British Army Parachute Regiment opened fire (with real bullets)against a crowd of Catholics .

26. Two proteste were injured as a result of investment by military vehicles.Some witnesses,including some journalists claimed that the demonstrators that were hit ,were unarmed.

29. Thirteen people ,most of them young ,were shot to death while a fourteen person died four months later for his injuries.

32. None of the soldiers who opened fire on Bloody Sunday were ever disciplined.

34. What the British didn’t understand is that because of the massacre which trigged that Bloody Sunday,many people joined the IRA (Irish Republican Army)

35. and so the IRA become not only stronger but also more aggresive.

37. Sunday Bloody Sunday" is a song by rock band U2
Sunday Bloody Sunday" is a song by rock band U2. Its lyrics describe the horror felt by an observer of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, mainly focusing on the Bloody Sunday incident in Derry where British troops shot and killed unarmed civil rights protesters who were there to rally against internment (imprisonment without trial). Critics rate it among the best political protest songs. 

38. U2 – Sunday Bloody Sunday Lyrics
Yeah
I can't believe the news today
Oh, I can't close my eyes
And make it go away
How long
How long must we sing this song
How long, how long
Cause tonight, we can be as one
Tonight
Broken bottles under children's feet
Bodies strewn across the dead end street
But I won't heed the battle call
It puts my back up
Puts my back up against the wall
Sunday, Bloody Sunday
And the battle's just begun
There's many lost, but tell me who has won
The trench is dug within our hearts
And mothers, children, brothers, sisters
Torn apart
Tonight, tonight
Sunday, Bloody Sunday
Wipe the tears from your eyes
Wipe your tears away
Oh, wipe your tears away
(Sunday, Bloody Sunday)
Oh, wipe your blood shot eyes
Sunday, Bloody Sunday (Sunday, Bloody Sunday)
And it's true we are immune
When fact is fiction and TV reality
And today the millions cry
We eat and drink while tomorrow they die
The real battle just begun
To claim the victory Jesus won On
Sunday Bloody Sunday

39. The conflict was primarily a political one, but it also had an ethnic or sectarian dimension, although it was not a religious conflict. The key issues at stake were the constitutional status of Northern Ireland and the relationship between its two main communities. Unionists and loyalists, who are mostly Ulster Protestants, generally want Northern Ireland to remain within the United Kingdom. Irish nationalists and republicans, who are mostly Catholics, generally want it to leave the United Kingdom and join a united Ireland. The former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish.

40. On the morning of Sunday 30 January 1972, around ten thousand people gathered in Londonderry for a civil rights march. The British Army had sealed off the original route so the march organisers led most of the demonstrators towards 'Free Derry Corner' in the nationalist Bogside area of the city. Despite this, a number of people continued on towards an army barricade where local youths threw stones at soldiers, who responded with a water cannon, CS gas and rubber bullets. As the riot began to disperse, soldiers of the 1st Parachute Regiment were ordered to move in and arrest as many of the rioters as possible. In the minutes that followed, some of these paratroopers opened fire on the crowd, killing thirteen men and injuring 13 others, one of whom died some months later.