1. Anodization of Titanium for Advanced Esthetics: Simple, Safe and Highly Effective
Chandur Wadhwani BDS MSD
Marco Brindis DDS MSD
Mathew Kattadiyil DDS MS Kwok- Hung Chung DDS PhD
Richard O’Brien BSEE
APS 2016
SCIENCE: A Natural Phenomenon
Titanium: Biocompatible due to TiO2 layer spontaneous in Oxygen 1,2
Air: TiO2 layer is approximately 5-20 nm thick (1 nm = 10-3 mm)
Ti Ti2+ + 2e-
Ti O TiO2 + 2e-
Anodization: Electrochemical reaction and effect increase the transparent TiO2 layer 3-5
Thin Film Light Interference Patterns (TFLIP) occur with transparent materials in WHITE light, when the film thickness approaches that of colored light waves. The patterns produced enhance certain colors.1,5
eg. Oil film on water
How: Simple, Safe
*Care: Electricity even at low voltage
Anodization: Electrolyte + Voltage. TiO2 layer induced dependent on: Type of Ti alloy, V.2,5,6 Self limiting, takes ~ 15 secs, (complete when the oxide layer induced). Simple, occurs at voltages available from common household batteries. Useful Electrolytes even include Diet Soda’s 6 – so non toxic.
100 % Reversible- remove the thicker layer- equivocal biocompatibility2,4 unlike other modes 7
Diet Colas,
Acids,
Cleaning agents
TiO2 Change~ 1.5 nm/v
Colors of TFLIP and Related voltages (0-90 v)
How about :
2-Tone6
1 color for restoration
1 for Soft Tissues
0- 90V
Components
Research Tool
Intra-Oral Esthetics
Effective: Anodization is useful:
Aids
identify
Nano level 13 wear studies
Improve Esthetics
Colors yellow/Pink8-12
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