1. Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professionals
Chapter 2
Using Dietary Recommendations, Food Guides, and Food Labels to Plan Menus

2. Introduction to Dietary Recommendations & Food Guides
Guidelines that discuss food groups, foods, and nutrients to eat for optimal health.
Food guides Guidelines that tell us the kinds and amounts of foods to make a nutritionally adequate diet.

3. MyPlate—A USDA Food Guide

4. MyPlate: Introduction
MyPlate translates the principles of the Dietary Guidelines and other nutritional standards to assist Americans in making healthier food choices
5 Food Groups
Also an allowance for oils and empty kcalories.

5. MyPlate: Introduction (cont’d)
MyPlate expects you to choose foods from the food groups that are in their most nutrient-dense forms—in other words, lean or low-fat, with no added sugars, such as:
Diet soda or water instead of regular soda
Fat-free or low-fat milk instead of whole milk
Extra-lean ground beef instead of regular

6. MyPlate 2000 Kcalorie Eating Pattern
6 ounce equivalents of grains
2.5 cups of vegetables
2 cups of fruit
3 cups of milk or equivalent
5.5 ounce equivalents of lean meat/beans
6 teaspoons of oil
258 empty kcalories

7. MyPlate Nutrition Messages
Balancing Kcalories
Enjoy your food, but eat less.
Avoid oversized portions.
Foods to Increase
Make half your plate fruits and vegetables.
Make at least half your grains whole grains.
Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1 percent) milk.
Foods to Reduce
Compare sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals―and choose the foods with lower numbers.
Drink water instead of sugary drinks.  

9. MyPlate: Grain, Dairy, and Protein Groups

10. Whole Grains
Whole grains contain the fiber-rich bran and the vitamin-rich germ.
Examples:
Whole wheat
Brown rice
Whole-wheat bread
Wheaties
Oatmeal
If the bran and germ are removed, the grain is a refined or milled grain.
Examples:
White flour
White rice
White bread
Corn flakes
Most baked goods

11. Whole grains have more nutrients!
Whole wheat flour has more...
Fiber
Vitamin E
Vitamin B6
Magnesium
Zinc
Potassium
… than white flour.

12. Refined grains are enriched.
By federal law, refined grain are enriched with five nutrients that are lost in processing:
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folate
Iron

13. Make half of your grains whole grain!

14. Nutritional Benefits of Grains
B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin help the body release energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates.
B vitamins also are needed for a healthy nervous system.
Iron is used to carry oxygen in the blood.
Whole grains are sources of magnesium (bones) and selenium (immune system).

15. Dairy Group Includes: Milk Cheese Fortified soymilk
Most choices should be fat-free or low-fat
Does not include foods with little calcium such as:
Cream cheese
Cream
Butter

16. 1 cup of milk or calcium-fortified soymilk is equal to:
1 cup yogurt
1-1/2 ounces hard cheese
1/3 cup shredded cheese
2 ounces American cheese
½ cup ricotta cheese
2 cups cottage cheese

17. Foods in Protein Group
Lean beef cuts: round steaks and roast, top loin, top sirloin, and chuck shoulder and arm roasts, extra lean ground beef—at least 90 percent lean
Lean pork cuts: pork loin, tenderloin, center loin, ham
Boneless skinless chicken/turkey breast
Eggs
Legumes: Beans, peas, and lentils
Nuts and seeds
Soy products

18. Proteins High in Saturated Fat
Fatty cuts of beef, pork, and lamb
Regular ground beef (75 to 85 percent lean)
Regular sausages, hot dogs, and bacon
Some luncheon meats such as bologna and salami
Duck
Saturated fat raises “bad” cholesterol levels in the blood (called LDL) – which then increases the risk for heart disease.

19. MyPlate: Empty Kcalories and Oils
Empty kcalories are kcalories from solid fats and/or added sugars that add few or no nutrients to the diet.
Each kcalorie level in MyPlate has an allowance for empty kcalories.

20. Solid Fats and Added Sugars
Found naturally in foods such as beef or whole milk
Also:
Butter
Stick margarine
Shortening
Beef and chicken fat
Hydrogenated fats
Added sugars
Such as white sugar or high fructose corn syrup
Found in soda, cookies, candy, etc.
Also added to foods or beverages at the table

21. Oils
Not a food group—a 2,000 kcalorie diet allows for 6 teaspoons of oil each day.
Includes vegetable oils (except palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils) and:
Oils is found in olives, nuts, avocados, and seafood.
Oil is used to make mayonnaise, oil-based salad dressings, and soft margarine with no trans fats.

22. Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Introduction and Weight Control
Summarizes current nutritional knowledge
Makes recommendations for healthy eating for anyone over 2 years old to:
Promote health
Reduce risk of chronic diseases
Reduce number of people who are overweight/obese