1. Unit 10 Vocabulary

2. Isolationism
The belief that a nation should stand alone and not get involved in the affairs and conflict of other nations
Many Americans wanted this to be U.S. foreign policy – they did not want to get involved in World War II

3. Totalitarianism
Total control of a government belongs in the hands of one or a few people
Government is supreme and people have few rights
Examples: Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, and Hirohito in Japan (Axis Powers)

4. Pearl Harbor
Japanese aircraft bomb the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941
This pulls the U.S. into World War II – the U.S. declares war on Japan

5. Internment
Confinement of Japanese Americans (and some German and Italian Americans) into camps during World War II
Prejudice and fear after Pearl Harbor made Americans worry they would work as spies or hurt the war effort

6. Lend-Lease Act
Law that allowed the U.S. to send war supplies to the Allies
Isolationists did not like this
Roosevelt said helping the Allies was defense for the U.S. and democracy

7. Battle of Midway
Naval battle between the U.S. and Japan in the Pacific
The U.S. destroys the Japanese fleet and wins
This victory is the turning point in the war in the Pacific in favor of the U.S.

8. D-Day Allied invasion of France to end German occupation
Allies win, push the Germans out of France, which puts the Allies closer to victory in Europe

9. Fall of Berlin
The Soviet army occupies and captures Berlin in April 1945
Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders
The Allies win the war in Europe

10. Manhattan Project
Research project to develop the atomic bomb in the U.S.
Los Alamos is the place where the atomic bomb was first successfully tested
The atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945, ending the war with Japan

11. Rationing
Restricting the amount of food and other goods people could buy during wartime to make sure there were enough supplies for the military.
Example of how women and people on the homefront contributed to the war effort

12. Women in War Industries
During World War II, women met the need for workers in war industries to fill the void left by drafted men
So many women working would lead to social changes, including more women wanting to remain in the workforce instead of at home.

13. War-time conversion
In order to meet the demands of fighting a war on two fronts, the U.S. converted many industries to war industries
For example, car manufacturers switched to producing tanks, planes and military vehicles

14. A. Philip Randolph
The man who organized a march of African-Americans to Washington DC in protest of discrimination in war industries.
As a result, President Roosevelt issued an order demanding equal hiring practices.

15. European v. Pacific Theater
War between U.S. and Japan
Battles: Midway, Iwo Jima and Okinawa
War ends here when U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
European Theater:
war between Allies and Germany
Battles: D-Day, Battle of Bulge, Fall of Berlin
War ends here when Soviets capture Berlin

16. World War II Alliances
alliance: nations join together to further their common interests
Aggression by the Axis Powers was one of the causes of World War II
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers: Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States

17. Pacific Theater
Location of the war between the U.S. and Japan during World War II
Major battles on this front: Battle of Midway, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
War ends here when U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

18. European Theater Location of the war between the Allies and Hitler
Major Battles on this front: D-Day, Battle of the Bulge
War ends here when Soviets capture Berlin and Germany surrenders