1. A Personalized Programming Approach Towards Sexual Violence Risk Reduction
Zimple D. Kurlawala
Mentors/Co-authors:
Dr. Stephen Nagy
Dr. Christine Nagy
Elizabeth Mohon

2. Introduction
Sexual assault is the most underreported violent crime in the United States (National Institute of Justice, 2005).
Data from 2005 (U.S.)
1 in 6 women (17.6%)
1 in 33 men (3%) have been victimized (RAINN, 2005).
College age women are about 4 times more likely to be sexually assaulted (RAINN, 2005).

3. Purpose
To compare victims and non-victims of sexual assault on traits that may identify targets for intervention.

4. Methods
Information Technology provided us with a random, stratified (full vs part time) sample of 8,000 student s. (Responding sample = 1,548)
The survey was distributed by Student Voice and available for a 3 week period.
Students were contacted through to take part in the online survey and were sent weekly reminders.
Students who completed the survey were eligible to be included in a drawing for 1 of 10 prizes, Apple iphone, Nintendo Wii, $100 gift cards for academic use (8).

5. Data Analysis
Chi Square tests.

6. VICTIMS = 5% of all WKU students
Results
VICTIMS = 5% of all WKU students
Females
Males
6.7%
1.3%

7. Results Demographic Trait Valid Percent p Value Risk Factors
Female
6.7%
<0.05
White 5%
Single
5.2%
>0.05
Living off-campus
5.6%
Protective Factors
Practice Religion
more than 1-2 times/week
5.4%
=0.02

8. Results
Risk of female respondents who practice religion more than 1-2 times/week
Risk of female respondents who practice religion less than 1-2 times/week
5.4%
9.4%

9. received unwanted attention
Results
Among Non Victims, those that have been stalked or
received unwanted attention
Females
Males
17.6%
10.6%

10. Results
Only 6% of WKU students feel that sexual violence is a concern among college students on campus.

11. Recommendations University should… 61 67 57 66 50 58 51 54 33 All %
Victims% 61
Advertise campus resources for intimate partner violence 67 57
Guest speaker on violence in relationships 66 50
Skill building sessions for women & men together 58 39
Develop a strategic plan to address violence in relationships 51 54
Skill building sessions for women only 49
Conduct peer presentations 42
Hand out brochures on violence in relationships 40
Skill building sessions for men only 33

12. Conclusions
The following characteristics place individuals at greater risk for sexual assault:
Living off campus
Caucasian
Single
Protective factors were rare. Regular religious practice was protective.

13. Conclusions
Victims and non-victims recommend the following approaches:
Advertise campus resources for sexual assault.
Guest speakers to talk on the topic.
Skill building sessions for both men and women together.
Victims also recommended developing a strategic plan to address violence in relationships.

14. Implications
Sexual assault protection of students must involve on and off campus prevention strategies.
In our sample, Caucasian women were at greater risk. Ethnic specific prevention messages seem warranted.
Single women are primary targets for prevention messages.
Religious practice identifies attributes of women that may assist in developing more effective programs.

15. Implications
Awareness about sexual assault prevention should be increased in the form of advertisements on campus.
Annual skill building sessions should be mandatory for all students, especially in the Freshmen year. Guest speakers should be invited to talk on the topic.

16. Implications
A strategic plan to prevent sexual assault should be in place on every campus. (WKU already has one, refer to the forthcoming slides).

17. Limitations
This was a self-report sample. It must be understood that many abused victims will not volunteer. It is likely that rates are actually higher.
Some identifiers may actually represent safer environments rather than personality traits.
Our sample was biased toward Caucasians and may be misrepresentative of other ethnic groups.

18. Recent Federal Laws on Campus Crime
Student Right­to­Know and Campus Security Act of 1990 (the “Clery Act”*) (20 U.S.C. § 1092).
-This law, Title II of Public law , requires that schools annually disclose information about crime, including specific sexual crime categories, in and around campus.
Campus Sexual Assault Victims’ Bill of Rights of 1992.
- This amendment to the 1990 act requires that schools develop prevention policies and provide certain assurances to victims. The law was amended again in 1998 to expand requirements, including the crime categories that must be reported.
*The act was renamed in 1998 the “Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act’ in honor of a student who was sexually assaulted and murdered on her campus in (U.S. Dept. of Justice)

19. Sexual Offense Policy at WKU
Medical Assistance to Sexual Assault Victims & Legal or Judicial Reporting Options
Appeal of Formal Complaint Resolution / Disciplinary Action Awareness and Prevention of Sexual Assaults
Crisis Response
Formal Complaints of Sexual Harassment Procedure
Grievance Procedures & Judicial Process
Law Enforcement & Reporting Requirements
Procedures for Investigation and Resolution of Sexual Harassment Complaints
Reporting Suspected Sexual Harassment
Responsibilities of Ombudsmen
Student Grievance Procedure
University and Community Resources
Western Kentucky University Policy Against Sexual Harassment
Western Kentucky University’s Sexual Offense Policy Statement

20. What is being done at WKU?
M.A.S.T.E.R. Plan / New Student Orientation
UC 101 Classes – University Experience
Health Services Programs
University Police Safety Programs
Fraternity/Sorority Education Programs
Rape Aggression Defense (R.A.D.) Classes
Student Escort Services ( )
Housing and Residence Life Programs
State Sexual Assault Awareness Month Activities
Counseling and Testing Center Outreach/Educational Programs
Risk Reduction
Green Dot

21. References
(2005). Retrieved from Rape, Abuse, Incest & National Network (RAINN):
Karjane, H. M., Fischer, B. S., & Cullen, F. T. (2005). Sexual Assault on Campus:What Colleges And Universities Are Doing About It. National Institute of Justice. U.S. Department of Justice.

22. Thank you!