1. The Internet , Digital Media, and Media Convergence
Chapter 2

3. Can You Hear Me Now? Good.

4. The Smart Phone: Media Convergence

5. Information Superhighway
No technological limitations, compared to other media
Used globally
The Internet’s capabilities have made the distinctions of each traditional medium extinct

6. Developing the Internet
1960s- Began as a means of military communication
1990s- Eventually allowed two way-communication and mass communication
2000s- Multimedia source of information and entertainment, quickly being integrated into culture

7. The Birth of the Internet
Original Internet: ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and nicknamed “The Net”
Enabled military and academic researchers to communicate on a distributed network system
Internet was primarily used by universities, government research labs, military and corporations involved in computer software

8. ARPANet

9. The Mainframe Computer of the 1960s

10. E-mail 1971 by Ray Tomlinson so that messages could be sent on ARPANet
Tomlinson decided to use the symbol to signify the location of the computer user

11. Transforming into a Mass Medium
Two developments:
The introduction of the World Wide Web (HTML)
2. The first Web browsers, Mosaic (1993) and Netscape (1994)

12. The World Wide Web Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
Used HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to link and organize information and create Web pages

13. Web Browsers
Mosaic (1993)- first Web browser (govt. funded) created by Marc Andreesen; could load text and graphics
Netscape (1994)- Andreesen introduced first commercial browser
Microsoft released its own Web browser, Internet Explorer in 1995 and quickly became the most popular Web browser
Today: Firefox and Google’s Chrome are the top browsers, with IE, Apple’s Safari, and Opera as leading alternatives

14. Digital Communication
Uses a series of binary numbers to reproduce an image, text or sound (Binary Code)

15. Search Engines Provide Organization
Allow users to find content by keywords or queries
Built on mathematic algorithms
YAHOO! (1994) started as a directory
Google (1998)—ranked page’s popularity in search and became an instant hit, remains most popular

16. The Second Generation Internet: The Web Goes….SOCIAL
Social media:
1. Blogs
2. Collaborative projects (Wiki Web sites)
3. Content communities (YouTube, Vimeo, Flickr)
4. Social Networking Sites (MySpace, Facebook, Pinterest)
5. Virtual Game Worlds (MMORPGs)and Social Worlds (World of Warcraft, Second Life)

17. Convergence and Mobile Media
Invention of Internet brought convergence and an array of functions to one place, unlike previous media, that had distinct functions
The Personal Computer began the convergence age, but the notebook computer, smart phone, and tablet hastened it

18. The Mobile Phone and Convergence
Mobile phones have been around since the 1970s, but the SMART PHONE proved the mobile phone was for more than just voice calls
2002: The Blackberry was introduced and allowed users to check
2007: Apple’s iPhone (combined the mp3 player, telephone and Internet into one device)
--Apple introduced “The App Store”, which quickly became integrated into our culture (ex. “There’s an app for that”)
2008: First phone introduced on Google’s Android system
2010: Apple introduced the iPad, many tablets have followed

19. Ode to the Mobile Phone

20. Changing Relationship with the Internet
Mobile devices and social media have altered our relationship with the Internet
Two major trends:
1. Apple now makes 5 times the money in selling
iProducts than selling computers
2. Facebook users keep increasing (1.23 billion in
2014)
Result of these trends: A more closed Internet

21. Changing Economics of Media and the Internet
The Digital Turn of Mass Media: Began with Shawn Fanning’s Napster (1999)
All media industries have to rethink distributing content for the Digital Age and master quality too
Some examples…
Apple: Created iTunes and made billions, while shutting down many music distribution companies
Amazon: started with books and quickly distributed eBooks, even inventing technology to read them (The Kindle)

22. The Next Era: Semantic Web
The future of the World Wide Web will be a more meaningful experience
Will place basic information of the Web into meaningful categories (family, friends, mutual interests, location)
Best example is conversational voice recognition (Siri and Cortana)

23. The Digital Divide
Refers to growing contrast between the “Information Haves” and “Information Have-Nots”
Big gap in Internet access, especially between age and education
Smart phones are narrowing
this gap

24. Net Neutrality
The idea that every Web Site and user has the right to the same Internet network speed and access
2010: FCC approved limited set of neutrality rules (both have been rejected twice by federal courts)
Both fixed-line and mobile providers must disclose network mgmt practices and are prohibited from blocking sites or apps
2015: ISPs are now considered “common carriers” and are subject to Net Neutrality