1. Ch. 5 The Integumentary System

2. Terms to fill out prior to class
Keratinocytes & functions
Melanocytes & functions
How many and name sub-layers of epidermis
Which sub-layers of epidermis contain living cells
Which sub-layer does mitosis
Which sub-layer is only in palms and soles

3. I. Integumentary System
Skin = Cutaneous Membrane
Includes Skin derivatives

4. A. Epidermis Tissue = # layers– depending on location
1. Cells of Epidermis
Keratinocytes:
Melanocytes:
Dendritic (Langerhans’) cells – function =
Tactile (Merkel) cells or Merkel Discs:
Attached to:
Function:
Intercellular junctions:

5. 2. Layers of the Epidermis: a) Stratum basale (basal layer)
Location:
Age of cells:
Mitosis:
Cells Present:
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel Disc
Figure 5.2b

6. b) Stratum spinosum (Prickle layer)
Appearance:
Cells present:
Keratinocytes
Extensions of Meloanocytes
Langerhans’ cells
numerous
Figure 5.2b

7. c) Stratum granulosum (Granular layer)
Thin:
keratinocytes:
Granules:
keratin
Keratohyaline:
Glycolipid:
Figure 5.2b

8. d) Stratum lucidum (Clear Layer)
Alive?
A few rows
Contains clear protein
Location:
Function
Function: barrier to water
Figure 5.2b

9. e) Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)
Location:
Thickness:
Functions include:
Waterproofing
Protection:
Keratinized = Cornified
Replaced: Shed everyday and
Figure 5.2b

10. 3. Skin Color Melanin – pigment of skin color
Produced by:
Basic Color:
Also affected by:
Amount depends upon:
Function:

11. Skin Color can indicate Homeostatic Imbalance STUDENTS DO
Cyanosis (blue)
Redness
Pallor
Jaundice
Bruises

12. 5.1 … C. Dermis ‘hide’ (leather)
Overall Components
Fibers:
Cells:
Vessels:
Nerves
Accessory structures
Overall Functions:

13. 1. Dermis: 2 layers a) Papillary layer Location Tissue Dermal papillae
Capillary loops
Mesiners Corpuscles:
Merkel Discs:
Sensory Nerve Endings:
Fingerprints:
Epidermal Pegs
Fingerprints:
Reticular Layer
Dermal Papillae

14. b) Reticular layer Location Tissue Blood vessels Sweat and oil glands
1. Dermis: 2 layers …
b) Reticular layer
Location
Tissue
Blood vessels
Sweat and oil glands
Pacinian Corpuscles:
Sensory Nerve Endings

15. c) Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
Tissue:
blood vessels:
storage site for:
Other functions:

16. II. Accessory Structures of the Skin

17. 5.2 Accessory Structures … A. Hair and Hair Follicles
a) Composition:
b) Color:
c) Hair Parts:
Hair shaft –
Hair root –
2. Hair Follicle
= epidermis that lowered into dermis
Figure 4.7c

18. b) End Portion = Hair Bulb Hair Root Plexus:
2. Hair Follicle …
a) Wall: 3 layers
b) End Portion = Hair Bulb
Hair Root Plexus:
Hair Matrix: Mitotic cells produce:
Hard Keratin
c) Hair papilla – vascularized dermal CT
Function
3. Arrector pili –
NEXT SLIDE 
Hair Matrix is like stratum basale
Figure 5.5c

19. 3. Arrector pili … Function =

20. B. HAIR LOSS

21. III. Accessory Structures
A. Nails– made of
Function
Sweat Glands
Sudoriferous Glands
Excretion Method:
1. Merocrine (Eccrine)
Open onto skin surface,
most common
locations
Function:
Locations: palms, soles of feet, forehead
Function: Thermoregulation

22. A  axillary  hair puberty  get big larger one
C. Sweat Glands …
2. Apocrine
Larger (Lab Model)
Deepest in dermis
Associated with:
Location:
Odor:
Activated at:
Function
A  axillary  hair puberty  get big larger one

23. 3. Sweat and Its Function Composition 99%: Salts, vitamin C,
Dermicidin =
Some metabolic waste
pH 4-6 usually
Function
heat
waste
Inhibits
For Apocrine:
Dermicidin = protein

24. C. Sebaceous Glands – usu. empty into hair follicles
Produce oil –
Location
Method of secretion
activated at:
Functions
Lubricant:
brittle hair
Kills:

25. Plugged sebaceous gland = PIMPLE! Acne = plugged oil glands
C. Sebaceous Glands …
Problems with
Plugged sebaceous gland = PIMPLE!
Acne = plugged oil glands

26. III Functions of the Integumentary System
Protection –
Cutaneous sensation:
Thermoregulation:
Vitamin D Synthesis:
Excretion:
Objective: Describe the functions of the skin and the structures that enable them.

27. IV. Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries to skin
A. Injuries  Burns
= damage from:
1. Results of Severe Burns =
Immediate Threat
fluid
electrolyte
Kidneys:
Circulatory Shock
Infections
Later
Infections:
2. Rule of 9’s:

28. 3. Severity of Burns First-degree burns Layer: Appearance: Healing:
Second-degree burns
Layers:
Third-degree burns

29. 4. Critical Burns:
2nd Degree: >
3rd Degree: >
OR 3°burns to:

30. B. Disease  Skin Cancer CANCER =
Basal cell carcinoma
Layer:
Danger:
Prevalence:
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Often develop from a:

31. Contributing Factors & Detection
Is there such a thing as a Safe Tan?
DETECTION– ABCD Rule: detecting malignant melanoma
A = Asymmetry
B = Border irregularity
C = Color
D = Diameter
E = Elevation

32. END

33. Review Questions
6. The stratum _______ of the epidermis is responsible for producing every other layer of the epidermis and the stratum ________ is composed of dead cells filled with keratin.

34. Dermis …

35. Review Question
2. Describe 2 ways the skin helps to moderate body temperature.

36. Review Questions
3a. Ultimately, all epidermal cells including hair and nail cells come from the __________ layer of the epidermis.
3b. What layer of the skin delivers nutrients to the above mentioned epidermal layer?
2a. Stratum basale
2b. dermis or papillary layer

37. Less than 25% 2° = nope, but jumping fires still not recommended
Review Questions
4a. Uncle John tries to jump over a camp fire and trips and falls into the fire. He receives 2nd degree burns to the front and back of his left leg, but not his feet. What percentage of his body is burned?
4b. Are the burns critical?
9% anterior + 9% posterior = 18%
Less than 25% 2° = nope, but jumping fires still not recommended