1. SETTLER
Consider the relative importance of these reasons for the breakdown in relations between England and Spain.
Do you agree with R.B. Wernham; ‘The Anglo-Spanish quarrel arose over the Netherlands, not over the west Indies’?

2. Why were there further tensions between England and Spain 1569-?
What events symbolised a period of détente?

3. STARTER
Consider the flashpoints from using SHP p222. Go across first, then down to get the correct chronological order. Prepare ‘Have I got News for You’ missing word headlines for 2 of the events in either;
‘Growing hostilities: Spain backs Ridolfi.’ Or
‘The expulsion of the Sea Beggars’
Comment on the seriousness of each flashpoint and Elizabeth’s approach (did she seek conflict with Spain?).

4. HIGNFY – Missing words round https://www. youtube. com/watch

5. Learning check Hear HIGNFY comments.
Words to characterise Elizabeth’s approach.
(LC) Whiteboards

6. Why did Anglo-Spanish relations worsen from 1568-79?
Read p. 223 FAI & see the next slide to help.
-Spanish sent financial assistance to Northern rebels in 1569.
Excommunication of Liz
-Elizabeth began allying with France. Negotiations of a marriage between her and the Duke of Anjou ( ).
-Spanish supported Ridolfi plot in 1571.
-Treaty of Blois between England and France(1572) – the maintenance of this good relationship worried Philip.
1572 – Dutch rebels seize Brill.
ACTIVITY – Analyse according to;
Aims – a), b), c) etc.
Cause of tension (P,R,E,France,Strategic,others)
Blame for tension (England, Spain, Both)

7. Period of détente?
1572 – Sea Beggars expelled from English ports.
1573 – Convention of Nymegen. Trade restored between England & Neths.
1573 –Liz allowed English privateers to close Channel to Spanish ships
1574 – Treaty of Bristol. Liz banished English rebels from Neths. Gold bullion dispute = settled. She withdrew her support of English pirates in the Caribbean.
1576 – Spanish Fury (Spanish completely take over Antwerp. Liz lent Dutch Estates General (parliament) £100,000.
1577 – 1000s of English volunteers support Dutch rebels in Neths.
1579 – Spanish Duke of Parma doing well in Neths
Activity. Indicate whether aggression or détente. What do you notice?

8. Re-cap on the aims Keeping the Netherlands free from French influence
Keeping the Netherlands free from complete Spanish control, but not ousting the Spanish from the Netherlands.
Keeping France and Spain at loggerheads and maintaining the balance of power.
Avoiding war to concentrate on domestic issues
Not spending too much money
Preserve trade with Antwerp
Refusal to marry

9. Was Elizabeth right to never marry?
Read p. 163 FAI. To marry or not to marry; That is the question, but what is the answer (numbers 1-10 around the room)

10. If no marriage, who should have been heir?
Read the first three bullet points. Marks out of 10 for each contender.
Or was Elizabeth right never to officially name her successor?

11. Plenary
Read the paragraph ‘Elizabeth had…. policy’ on p.166 of FAI. Summarise the argument. How convinced are you?