1. Roaring Twenties and Great Depression
APUSH Unit 11

2. 1920s Popular Culture WW1 Anxieties Espionage & Sedition Act (1918)
Demobilization & Labor Strife
Red Scare (1919)
Palmer Raids
Sacco & Vanzetti (1920, 1927)
A. Mitchell Palmer

3. 1920s Popular Culture New Forms of Mass Media Radio Cinema (Movies)
Spread National Culture
Popular Heroes
Charles Lindbergh
Awareness of Regional Cultures

4. Consumerist Economy Dominance of Big Business
Glorification of Business
Consumer goods
New Technologies/Innovations
Assembly Lines
Electricity
Buying on Credit
Advertising
Higher Standard of Living

5. Consumerist Economy Impact of the Automobile Aviation Mass Media
Henry Ford
Aviation
Glenn Curtiss
Mass Media
Economic Opportunities
Women
International & Internal Migrants
The Cost of a Model T Ford, 1908–1924

6. 1920s Cultures in Conflict Gender Roles Women at Home Women at Work
Flappers

7. Billy Sunday
1920s Cultures in Conflict
Aimee Semple McPherson
Fundamental Christianity vs. Scientific Modernism
Radio Revivalists
The Scopes Trial (1925)
Clarence Darrow
William Jennings Bryan
Social Darwinism
Eugenics
Urban vs. Rural

8. 1920s Cultures in Conflict Prohibition 18th Amendment
Volstead Act (1919)
Bootlegging & Speakeasies
organized crime
Al Capone
Repealing the Amendment

9. 1920s Cultures in Conflict Great Migration Ku Klux Klan Nativism
Northern Race Riots
Ku Klux Klan
Nativism
Quota Laws
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
Immigration Act (1924)
W. Hemisphere immigration?

10. Cultural Revolution African Americans in the 1920s Civil Rights NAACP
Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Association
The Jazz Age
Duke Ellington
Louis Armstrong
Bessie Smith

11. Arts & Literature of the 1920s
Harlem Renaissance Poets
Langston Hughes
Countee Cullen & Claude McKay
“Lost Generation”
American Idealism vs. Disillusionment

12. Arts & Literature of the 1920s
Frank Lloyd Wright’s functionalism
Ashcan School -- Edward Hopper
Armory Art Show (1913)
Edward Hopper, Nighthawks
Frank Lloyd Wright’s Falling Water
Edward Hopper, Night Shadows
"The Prisoners and the Wounded," October, 1918 by Harvey Dunn
Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

13. Old Guard Returns Harding Years, 1921-1923 Coolidge Years, 1923-1929
“Return to Normalcy”
Conservative Economic Agenda
Tax Cuts
“trickle-down” economics
Scandals
Teapot Dome (1923)
Coolidge Years,
Vetoes & Inaction
Hoover & 1928 Election

14. Crash and Depression
Strongest US example of credit and market instability
Calls for stronger regulation of the economy
Causes of the Depression
Stock Market Speculation
Tariffs & global trade
Bank failures
Federal Reserve Monetary policy
Gold Standard  Fiat money

15. Crash and Depression Stock Market Crash Speculation Buying on Margin
Dow Jones Industrial Average:
8/24/1921 – 63.9
9/3/1929 – 381.2
Buying on Margin
Black Thursday (10/24/1929)
(9% drop)
Black Monday (10/28/1929)
(13% drop)
Black Tuesday (10/29/1929)
(12% drop)
July 8, 1932 – Market bottoms out...
41.22 (89% drop from Sept. 1929)

16. Crash and Depression Effects of the Crash Bank Closures: 22% by 1932
Business Closures: 30,000 by 1932
Unemployment: 25% nationwide
higher in some areas (Chicago: 50%)
Drop in total wages (40-50% by 1932)
Loss of self-worth
Migration of people
Deportation & Repatriation
Changed role of fed’l gov’t
World War II

17. Crash and Depression Causes of the Depression
11. Philosophy & policies of Hoover admin.
10. Automation
9. American tariff policy
8. Impact of European and World Economy
7. Monopolistic pricing
6. Misdistribution of income & purchasing power
5. Unregulated banking practices
4. Overproduction of industry
3. Overexpansion of credit
2. Overexpansion of agricultural production
1. Stock market speculation and crash

18. Hoover and the Depression
“Rugged Individualism”
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
WW1 Debt Moratorium (1931)
Works Programs
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Bonus March

19. The Election of 1932 Rep. Hoover vs. Dem. Franklin Roosevelt
Hoover as lame-duck president
FDR’s Inaugural Address
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover on the way to FDR's inauguration, March 4, 1933

20. Opponents of the New Deal
Supreme Court
Conservative Critics
American Liberty League
Liberal Critics
Radicals
Labor Unions
Populist movements
Father Charles Coughlin
Dr. Francis E. Townsend
Huey Long
Huey Long: Every Man a King

22. FDR’s New Deal New Deal Philosophy The First Hundred Days
Progressive Era connection
The Three R’s
RELIEF to the poor
Stimulate economic RECOVERY
REFORM the U.S. economy
Keynesian Economics (deficit spending)
The First Hundred Days

23. FDR’s New Deal Banking & Money Programs Bank Holiday “Fireside Chats”
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Glass-Steagall Act (FDIC*)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC*)
Bank Failures

24. FDR’s New Deal Industry and Workers Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
National Industrial Recovery Administration (NIRA)
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Schechter v. US (1935)

25. Second New Deal (1935) Relief Reform
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Federal Arts Project (FAP)
Federal Theater Project (FTP)
National Youth Administration (NYA)
Reform
The Social Security Act* (1935)
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act* (1935)
Fair Labor Standards Act* (1938)
WPA artist Alfred Castagne painting WPA construction workers, May 19, 1939

26. Last Phase of the New Deal
Election of 1936 – Political Realignment
Democratic Coalition
African Americans & working-class Americans
FDR’s Judiciary Reorganization Bill (1937)
“Court-Packing Plan”
Recession
Weakened New Deal
World War II
Deficit spending
New Deal Legacy