1. Turn of the Century Life
NCSCOS Goal 7
Page 38

3. ~Frederick Law Olmstead
Urban Technology
-skyscrapers (steel)
Louis Sullivan
-elevators
-bridges (Brooklyn Bridge)
-electric transit systems
Streetcars, subways
-urban planning
Restore peace and serenity to urban areas
city parks
Frederick Olmstead
Headed urban planning
Central Park, NYC
“The main object and justification of the park is simply to produce a certain influence in the minds of people and through this to make life in the city healthier and happier. The character of this influence…is to be produced by means of scenes, through observation of which the mind may be more or less lifted out of moods and habits.”
~Frederick Law Olmstead

4. Inventions -first flight, 1903 Wright Brothers Kitty Hawk, NC
120 feet, 12 seconds
-air mail
Established by 1920
-printing revolutions
Cheap paper, better literacy
-photography
George Eastman
Kodak camera
Took photography to the masses
-radio
Nikola Tesla, Marconi
On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first successful flight of a powered aircraft in history. The public paid little attention. But within two years, the brothers were making 30-minute flights. By 1908, the pioneer aviators had signed a contract for production of the Wright Airplane with the U.S. Army.

5. In 1888, George Eastman introduced his Kodak camera
In 1888, George Eastman introduced his Kodak camera. The purchase price of $25 included a 100-picture roll of film. After taking pictures, the photographer would send the camera back to Eastman’s Rochester, New York, factory. For $10, the pictures were developed and returned with the camera reloaded. Easily held and operated, the Kodak camera prompted millions of Americans to become amateur photographers. The camera also helped create the field of photojournalism.

6. -growth of public education
Security, social status, assimilation, democracy
-most city children could attend school
Most states began requiring weeks of school per year
-increase in high schools
Expanded curriculum to science, civics, social studies, and vocational classes
-few opportunities for minorities
William Torey Harris, US commissioner of education, advised teachers to “lift” students by enforcing strict discipline. “The pupil must have lessons ready at the appointed time, must rise at the tap of the bell, move to the line, return; in short, go through all the evolutions with equal precisions.” According to Harris, this process would create responsible citizens.

7. “They hits ye if yer don’t learn, and they hits ye if ye whisper, and they hits ye if ye have string in yer pocket, and they hits ye if ye seat sqeaks, and they hits ye if ye don’t stan’ up in time, and they hits ye if ye late, and they hits ye if ye forget the page.” Young student in school in Chicago

8. Texas A&M Land Grant College
Higher Education
-Morrill Act, 1862
Federal money for Agriculture/Technology schools to improve farming
-only small number of college students
2.3% of Americans attended college annually
-change in the curriculum of colleges
Research university emerged
Industrial development
-emphasis on sciences and professional schools
Texas A&M Land Grant College

9. Literature and Art -realism Portray life as it is really lived
Thomas Eakins (realist painter who started school)
Ashcan School
Painted urban poverty and working class people
-art galleries, public libraries
Creating American culture
-Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
-Stephen Crane
-Jack London
-Dime Novels
Add culture to America

10. Built by trolley car companies to attract customers
Leisure Time
“A fierce upward rush, a wild grip at a loosening hat, and an instant later the shock. We were on the loop.We were shooting upward as a billow that breaks against the cliff; we were curling over as the wave curls backward; we were darting down to inevitable annihilation.”
-Amusement Parks
Coney Island, NY
Built by trolley car companies to attract customers
“world’s largest playground”
-bicycle craze
Opens doors for women – clothes and freedom
-tennis
-Hershey bars
-Coca-Cola, Pepsi
                                                                                                                    

11. “Inside the park was an enchanted, storybook land of trellises, columns, domes, minarets, lagoons, and lofty aerial flights. And everywhere was life – a pageant of happy people; and everywhere was color – a wide harmony of orange and white and gold…It was a world removed – shut away from the sordid clatter and turmoil of the street.”
-- Bruce Blen on Coney Island

13. Sports/Entertainment
“Baseball has seized upon the American people, irrespective of age, sex or other condition.”
Harper’s Weekly-
__________________
“Baseball is the very symbol…and visible expression of the drive and push and rush and struggle of the raging, tearing, booming nineteenth century.”
- Mark Twain -
Spectator sports enjoyed by millions
-baseball
First World Series 1903
Segregated Leagues
-boxing
-vaudeville, circus
Traveling shows attracted many for cheap
Theatrical, music, dancing
-ragtime music
Blends African-Am spirituals and European music
Originated in saloons
Important for jazz
-motion pictures
The Great Train Robbery

14. “Vaudeville appeals to the businessmen, tired and worn, who drops in for half an hour on his way home; to the person who has an hour or two before a train goes, or before a business appointment; to the woman who is wearied of shopping; to the children who love animals and acrobats; to the man with his sweetheart or sister, to the individual who wants to be diverted but doesn’t want to think or feel; to the American of all grades and kinds who wants a great deal for his money.”

16. Mass Media
-Dime Novels
-Yellow journalism
Want more people to read
sensationalism
“Sin, sex, sensations”
promotions
-Joseph Pulitzer
-William Randolph Hearst
Yellow journalist producers who compete for circulation
Create and spread a unique American culture

17. “Give the lady what she wants.” “We are the servants of the public.”
Retail Revolution
“Give the lady what she wants.”
______________
“We are the servants of the public.”
- Marshall Fields -
-shopping centers
-special districts in urban areas
For shopping
-department stores
Stores that offer different types of products
Field’s Department Store
-chain stores
Retail stores offering same merchandise under same ownership
-advertising
-mail order catalogs
Products to small towns
Rural Free Delivery Routes