1. WATER

3. WORLD’S WATER DISTRUBUTION
Less than 0.007% of all the water on earth is available to drink.
The vast majority (97%) is undrinkable salt water in the oceans & most of the fresh water is trapped in Ice!

4. Over two thirds of the earth's surface is covered with water, 97
Over two thirds of the earth's surface is covered with water, 97.2% of which is contained in the five oceans. The Antarctic ice sheet, containing 90% of all fresh water on the planet, is visible at the bottom. Atmospheric water vapour can be seen as clouds.

5. World Water Gap
Roughly 20% of the world’s population don’t have access to safe drinking water. That’s more than 1.2 BILLION people!
According to a UN climate report, the Himalayan glaciers that are the sources of Asia's biggest rivers - Ganga, Sindhu, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween and  Yellow River - could disappear by 2035 as temperatures rise.
In India, more than 80% fresh water available is used for agriculture, so water crisis impacts food availability in a big way.

6. Competing Water Uses

7. Distribution of population and water resources

8. Major factors contributing to the crisis?
Population growth. In the 20th Century, the world population tripled! The use of water grew 6 times.
Food production. The increased population , the rise in living standards and a change in our eating habits have put huge pressure on agriculture for increased production.
Climate Change / Global warming
Pollution. Inadeqaute separation of sewage water from fresh water, unscrupulous dumping of waste water in rivers & lakes.
Deforestation. Leads to reduction in size & capacity of water catchment areas.

9. Effects of Water Crisis
Inadequate access to safe drinking water for more than 1 billion people.
Inadequate access to water for sanitation and waste disposal for around 3 billion people.
Excessive use of Ground water, leading to lower agricultural yields
Pollution of water resources leads to many diseases affecting humans. Overuse of water resources harms the bio-diversity.
Regional conflicts over scarce water resources. These conflicts can range in scope from neighbours squabbling over first use of the communal water, villages in direct conflict with cities for water being diverted there, to full- scale war between neighbouring countries over a shred water resource.

10. Water Scarcity - Effects
Health, education, and economic growth are impacted
World Water Forum estimates
1.4 billion people lack clean drinking water
2.3 billion people lack adequate sanitation
7 million people die yearly from diseases linked to water
Half the world’s rivers and lakes are badly polluted
Shortages could create millions of refugees seeking homes in a location accessible to water

11. Water Scarcity - Effects
World Health Organization estimates:
80% of all sickness in the world is attributable to unsafe water and sanitation
The leading causes of death in children under 5 are related to unclean water; there are about 5,000 child deaths every day
Without action, as many as 135 million people could die from water-related diseases by 2020
Women and children can trek miles every day to retrieve water. This hard manual labor takes time that they might otherwise spend pursuing education or earning additional income

12. Water Scarcity in the future

13. CURRENT SITUATION
India occupies only 3.29 million km sq geographical area which forms 2.4% of the world’s land area, it supports over 15% of world's population with only 4% of the world's water resources.
India with 16% of the world's population has only 4% of the fresh water resources.
Per capita availability of fresh water in India has dropped from 5,177 cubic meters in 1951 to 1,820 cubic meters in 2001.
Two out of every three people on earth will have to live in water stressed condition by the year 2025.

14. India is fast depleting its groundwater resources
India is fast depleting its groundwater resources. In Punjab, for example, groundwater levels have dropped 10 meters since 1979, and the rate of depletion is accelerating
Indian surveyors have divided the country into 5,723 geographic blocks. More than 1,000 are considered either overexploited, meaning more water is drawn on average than is replenished by rain, or critical, meaning they are dangerously close to it. Twenty years ago, according to the Central Groundwater Board, only 250 blocks fell into those categories.
The depleting water resources and falling water table will also have catastrophic effects on our agriculture, affecting the livelihood of millions and also the nation’s food security.

15. Over-exploitation of ground water is another concern
Over-exploitation of ground water is another concern.  Presently, there are over 20 m wells pumping water with free power supply, provided by the Government.  This has been depleting ground water, while encouraging wastage of water in many states.  As a result, the water table in the country is dipping every year by 0.4 m.  In many coastal areas, there has been heavy intrusion of sea water, making fertile agricultural lands unfit for cultivation. 
Pollution of water resources is another major concern which is affecting the water supply as well as human health conditions. The major causes of water pollution are discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluent into rivers, excessive use of fertilisers in agriculture and contamination of ground water with salts and minerals present in the lower soil profiles.  It is estimated that in New Delhi alone, 36 million tons of sewage is generated everyday of which only 50% is treated and the rest is let out into the Yamuna river directly.  Only 31% of the sewage water generated in 23 major cities is treated and the rest is polluting 18 major rivers in the country. 

16. WATER - FUTURE IN INDIA
India’s population which was 1.3 billion in 2005 is expected to rise to billion in 2050. 
There is also going to be a major impact on development in the form of urbanisation.  In 2007, 28.2% of the Indian population was living in urban areas and the urban population is expected to increase to 55.2% by 2050. 
The per capita income of Indians will increase from $468 in 2007 to $6735 in 2050.
Increased industrialisation will demand more water as its contribution to GDP will increase from 29.1% in 2000 to 40% by Thus, the demand for water will increase from 30 billion m3 in 2000 to 161 billion m3 in 2050.
The agriculture development will be more on water intensive cash crops and there will be 80% increase in the demand for water by 2050.

17. The Solution? Water Conservation through Reduce Recycle Reuse
Rain-water Harvesting
De-salination of sea water