1. Strategies for Processing Research
KWPL, the 4 Cs, and CEC

2. KWPL BEFORE READING Know: what do you already know about this topic?
Want to know: what do you want to know?
Predict: what do you think you will learn?
AFTER READING
Learn: what did you learn?

3. The 4 C’s After reading a text:
From Ritchhard, Church, and Morrison. Making Thinking Visible. Jossey-Bass, 2011, p. 140.
After reading a text:
Connections: What connections do you draw between this source and your own life or your other learning (e.g. other sources)?
Challenge: What ideas, positions, or assumptions do you want to challenge or argue with in this text?
Concepts: What key concepts or ideas in this source do you think are important and worth holding on to?
Changes: What changes in attitudes, thinking, or action are suggested by this source, either for you or others?

4. Make connections
Find passages from the text that you can identify with (from experience, learning, opinions, or beliefs).
Make some brief notes.
Then in groups read the passage you have chosen and explain the connection.
Passage?
How do I connect with it?

5. Questions or challenges?
Raise Challenges
Find ideas or positions in the text that raised a red flag for you for some reason: do you disagree, want to challenge it, or simply need more information?
Take a few notes.
Read your chosen passage and explain what questions or challenges came to mind.
Passage(s)?
Questions or challenges?

6. brief quotation or paraphrase (cite the page)
Note Concepts
Briefly review the text and note any key concepts or ideas in your own words.
Be prepared to identify the passages in the text on which your explanations are based.
key ideas and concepts?
brief quotation or paraphrase (cite the page)

7. Identify Changes
Reflect on the text and think about its overall implications: if we take this text seriously, what does it suggest or encourage as actions or positions?
Have any changes in thinking or behaviour occurred for you as a result of reading?
Suggested changes?
What has changed for me?

8. Reflect on this Strategy
The 4 Cs:
Did this strategy help deepen your understanding of the text?
Was it difficult to find material for any of the 4 Cs?
Were there things that came up in the discussion that surprised you?

9. CEC From Ritchhard, Church, and Morrison. Making Thinking Visible
CEC From Ritchhard, Church, and Morrison. Making Thinking Visible. Jossey-Bass, 2011, p. 132.
Connect: How are the ideas and information presented connected to what you already knew?
Extend: What new ideas did you get that extended or broadened your thinking in new directions?
Challenge: What challenges or puzzles have come up in your mind from the ideas and information present?

10. CEC example
Connect: How are the ideas and information you gathered in the survey connected to what we learned in the Ikea article?
How is this information useful to us regarding our big question?
Extend: What new information or ideas did you get that extended or broadened your thinking in new directions?
Challenge: What challenges or puzzles have come up in your mind from the ideas and information present?

11. Reflect on this Strategy
CEC:
Did this strategy help deepen your understanding of the text?
Was it difficult to find material for any of the questions?
Were there things that came up in the discussion that surprised you?