1. More HTML Tags
CS 1150 Spring 2017

2. Formatting Elements <b> - Bold text <i> - Italic text
<mark> - Marked text
<small> - Small text
<sub> - Subscript text
<sup> - Superscript text

3. Semantic Markup
There are some text elements that are not intended to affect the structure of your webpages, but they do add extra information to the pages – they are known as semantic markup
For example, the <em> element is shown in italics in most browsers, but you should not use it to change the way that your text looks; its purpose is to describe the content of your webpages more accurately
Semantic markup information is useful to screen readers or search engines

4. HTML <b> and <strong> Elements
<b> is a formatting element that bolds the text, while <strong> is a semantic element
<b> This text is bold </b>
<strong> This text is strong </strong>
Browsers display <strong> as <b>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <b> defines bold, but <strong> means that the text is “important”

5. HTML <i> and <em> Elements
<i> is a formatting element that italicizes the text, while <em> is a semantic element
<i> This text is italic </i>
<strong> This text is emphasized</strong>
Browsers display <em> as <i>. However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags: <i> defines italic, but <em> means that the text is “emphasized”

6. HTML <small> Elements
The HTML <small> element defines smaller text
<small> is a formatting element
<small> This text is small</small>

7. HTML <marked> Elements
The HTML <marked> element defines marked or highlighted text
<marked> is a formatting element
<marked> This text is marked</marked>

8. HTML <sub> Elements
The HTML <sub> element defines subscripted text
<sub> is a formatting element
_{This text is subscripted}

9. HTML <sup> Elements
The HTML <sup> element defines superscripted text
<sub> is a formatting element
^{This text is superscripted}

10. HTML <del> Elements
The HTML <del> element defines deleted or strike-through text
<del> is a semantic element
<del> This text is deleted</del>

11. HTML <ins> Elements
The HTML <ins> element defines inserted or underlined text
<ins> is a semantic element
<ins> This text is inserted</ins>

12. Other Semantic Elements
In addition to <strong> and <em>, there are other semantic elements that describe extra information about the text
<blockquote> indicates to the browser that there is a long quote present
<q> indicates a shorter quote
<abbr> indicates an abbreviation or acronym
<cite> indicates a reference to a piece of work like a book or film
<dfn> indicates a the defining instance of a new term

13. White Space Collapsing
When the browser comes across two or more spaces next to each other, it only displays one space
Similarly, if it comes across a line break, it treats that as a single space too
This is known as white space collapsing

14. Line Breaks
If you want to add a line break inside the middle of a paragraph, you can use the line break tag <br />
The line break element is known as an empty element – it does not have an opening and closing tag, but instead has only one tag
<pThe Earth<br />gets one hundred tons heavier every day<br />due to falling space dust.</p>

15. Horizontal Rules
To create a break between themes, such as a change of topic in a book or a new scene in a play, you can add a horizontal rule between sections using the <hr /> tag
The horizontal rule element is known as an empty element – it does not have an opening and closing tag, but instead has only one tag
<p>Section One<hr />Section Two</p>

16. Helpful Links http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_formatting.asp
Example files for formatting and semantic elements:
.html
Example file for white space collapsing
Example file for line breaks and horizontal rules