1. Introduction to Computers
Tim Berners-Lee
Photo source: Tim Berners-Lee personal web page
NCSA at the University of Illinois
Photo source: Wikipedia

2. The World Wide Web Defined
World Wide Web - a huge set of Internet pages that use hypertext to reference each other
Hypertext is much like an online encyclopedia
Can click hyperlinks that refer to other pages, taking you from one page to another and another
Each individual display referred to as a Web page
Internet usage exploded in the 1990’s due to the creation of the World Wide Web
The Web now dominates the Internet
But still a subset of overall activity on the Internet

3. Development of the world wide web
Tim Berners-Lee conceived the Web by applying the idea of hypertext to the Internet in 1991
Creates hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
TCP/IP protocol still governs rules of data transmission
But HTTP protocol sets the rules for interpreting and displaying Web pages transmitted across the Internet
Defines Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Rules to follow when encoding web pages
A formatting language, not a programming language

4. Popularizing the World Wide Web
Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina create Mosaic, the first graphical Web browser in 1993
Funded by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois
Expands on standards created by Berners-Lee
Uses images in Web pages
Written for Windows platform as well as Unix
Internet usage takes off Source:

5. Momentous change from small ideas
Berners-Lee
Didn’t create the Internet or the hypertext concept
But was the 1st to apply hypertext to the Internet
Andreessen and Bina
Didn’t create the World Wide Web
But 1st to combine images and text on the Internet
And do it in an easy-to-use format for Windows
They stood on the shoulders of others
But they were in the right place at the right time with the right idea and the skills to carry it out

6. Web pages Each Web page is basically a simple text file
File holds Web page text & formatting instructions
The formatting instructions are known as HTML
Images stored in separate files referenced by HTML
Each Web page is found at a unique address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Often just called a web address… example below

7. web sites are made up of web pages
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages under a single domain name or IP address
Web sites are usually accessed by domain name
For example, HCC’s web site is
Web sites have a home page
Initial page shown to a user
Home page contains hyperlinks to other pages on the Web site
A hand with an index finger pointing up is usually shown when scrolling over a link

8. Web Servers
A Web server is a computer with the software needed to respond to web page requests
A Web server may host hundreds of Web sites, or just one
If hosting many Web sites, each site kept in a folder
Domain name maps to folder at server IP address
In order to make a Web page available on the Internet, it must be transferred to a Web server

9. A URL is similar to a file path
Begins with the web page protocol
Then identifies a Web server by specifying the domain name or IP address of the Web site
Rest of URL is a file path but with forward slash
Shows folder path from web site root folder to file
Then specifies the name of the html file

10. Web browsers
Web browsers provide users with software designed to view the World Wide Web
A browser simply fetches & displays Web pages
Key web browsers by current popularity are:
Chrome (Google)
Firefox (Mozilla, open source)
Internet Explorer (Microsoft)
Safari (Apple)
Edge (Microsoft, replacement for Internet Explorer)
Internet Explorer usage fell due to security issues

11. Menu bar displays names of pull-down menus providing options to save, print, copy, navigate between pages, and configure your web browser.
Web browser example
Title bar shows current web page name.
Go button fetches web page typed in address bar
Address bar shows current URL and allows user to request a new URL.
Tool bar provides buttons for frequently used tasks
Links to other web pages
Status bar shows the URL for any link you move your mouse over.

12. Browser navigation buttons
Back returns to previously displayed web page
Forward allowed only after back button
Displays web page you “backed” out of
Home displays home page for your browser
Favorites can be used to hold a list of web page URL’s you tend to visit frequently

13. More Browser features Print lets you print an entire web page
Often useful to print just a portion of a web page
Click and drag over portion of web page to print
Click Selection in page range section of print dialog box
Copy lets you capture text from a web page
History shows URLs visited by that web browser
It’s easy to save web page images to your disk
Right-click on an image
Select Save Picture As from the short-cut menu
Beware of violating copyright laws!

14. Search Engines Make finding information on the web fairly easy
Helps you locate web pages on a certain topic
Enter a few key words that describe your search
There are many different search engines
Google is currently the most frequently used
There are many other search engines including Bing (Microsoft), Yahoo, Ask, etc.
Advanced Search may give you better results
Click Settings then Advanced search at Google.com

15. Advanced Search options
Lets you be more specific about key words
Find pages with all of these words this exact word or phrase any of these words none of these words
For example, search for the name Russell Virgo
Result includes lots of astrology sites
Add the words horoscope astrology in the none these words box
Most astrology sites removed from results

16. How HTML works How Stuff Works has a very good article on HTML
Mixes web page text & formatting instructions
Formatting instructions found inside < > signs
Text to be displayed found outside < > signs
How Stuff Works has a very good article on HTML
The following line is an example of HTML
<b>This is bold text.</b> This is normal text.
Browser shows as “This is bold text. This is normal text.”
Bold tag <b> makes all text that follows bold
Bold text continues until an end bold tag </b>
Tags do not appear in web page text shown to user

17. A simple web page example
Begin with <html> to identify as an HTML file
Use <head><title> to set up title bar text
Use <body> to start text for rest of page
Don’t forget to terminate each tag
Use Notepad (in Accessories) to type in this text
<html>
<head><title>My First Page</title></head>
<body>How cool is this… my first web page!</body>
</html>
Save file in Notepad with the name FirstPage.html
Be sure to change the Save as type to “All Files”

18. Changing your web page Use File Explorer to find your HTML file
Refresh Button
Use File Explorer to find your HTML file
Double click file to display in your web browser
Edit the file in Notepad to add <b> before the word cool & </b> after it
Save the file in Notepad
Click the Refresh button in web browser
Your web page reflects the change just made

19. More HTML tags Bold - <b> Italics - <i>
Underline - <u>
Center text on page - <center>
Change font size
<font size=nbr color="color">
Where nbr is from 1 to 7 and color is red, blue, yellow, etc.
Insert a hyperlink
<a href="URL">Text for link that a user sees</a>
For example, the URL for the HCC home page is

20. More HTML tags The following tags do not require a terminating tag
Start a new line - <br>
Start a new paragraph - <p>
Insert an image into a web page
<img src="filename.ext">
Where filename.ext is the name of a file containing an image
Insert a horizontal line
<hr width=nbr align="left" color="color">
Where nbr is length of line in points
Align can be left, right, or center
Color is a standard color such as blue, red, yellow, etc.

21. Html tables Tables are often used in HTML to align items An example:
<table> begins a table
<tr> starts a new row of the table
<td> starts a new column of the table
Each of these tags must be terminated
An example:
<table>
<tr><td>row 1 column 1</td><td>row 1 column 2</td></tr>
<tr><td>row 2 column 1</td><td>row 2 column 2</td></tr>
</table>

22. Web Page created using HTML
Head and title tags
Font and center tags
hr tag
Hyperlink tag <a href=“???”>
2 column table used for text and pictures
Left column text uses font tag
Right column picture uses <img> tag

23. Publishing a web page
A Web page must reside on a Web server to be viewed on the World Wide Web
In order to publish a Web page, you must have space allocated to you on a Web server
Many ISPs provide customers with free Web space
Contact your ISP or read their information to learn how to gain access to your Web space
Must download an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) program to transfer your Web page to a server