1. SWOT ANALYSIS

2. Content of the lecture Internal and external factors
Major benefits of SWOT analyses
Types of resources
Creating a SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis of Indian pharma industry

3. Learning objectives
After this lecture participants will be able to identify internal and external factors that affect strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to activities or operations

4. SWOT
A widely used framework for organizing and using data and information gained from situation analysis
Encompasses both internal and external environments
One of the most effective tools in the analysis of environmental data and information

5. SWOT description
A SWOT analysis generates information that is helpful in matching an organization’s or a group’s goals, programs, and capacities to the social environment in which they operate
It is an instrument within strategic planning
When combined with a dialogue, it is a participatory process

6. SWOT analysis matrix

7. SWOT Factors affecting an organization can usually be classified as:
Internal factors
Strengths (S)
Weaknesses (W)
External factors
Opportunities (O)
Threats (T)
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats

8. SWOT: internal factors
Strengths
Positive tangible and intangible attributes, internal to an organization. They are within the organization’s control
Weaknesses
Factors that are within an organization’s control that detract from its ability to attain the core goal. In which areas might the organization improve?

9. SWOT: external factors
Opportunities
External attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exist and develop. What opportunities exist in the environment which will propel the organization?
Identify them by their “time frames”
Threats
External factors, beyond an organization’s control, which could place the organization’s mission or operation at risk. The organization may benefit by having contingency plans to address them should they occur
Classify them by their “seriousness” and “probability of occurrence”

10. Why SWOT analysis is important
To decide the plan of action
What steps can you take to:
Capitalize on your strengths
Overcome or minimize your weaknesses
Take advantage of some new opportunities
Respond to the threats
Set goals and objectives, like with any other plan

11. Major benefits of SWOT analyses
Lower costs
Simplicity
Flexibility
Integration and synthesis
Collaboration

12. Look for causes not characteristics
Causes for each issue in a SWOT analysis can often be found in the organization’s and competitors’ resources
Major types of resources:
Financial
Organizational
Intellectual
Informational
Legal
Relational
Human
Reputation

13. Separate internal and external issues
Failure to understand the difference between internal and external issues is one of the major reasons for a poorly conducted SWOT analysis
Know yourself
Know your customer/stakeholder
Know your competitors
Know your environment

14. The elements of a SWOT analysis
Strengths and weaknesses
Scale and cost economies
Size and financial resources
Intellectual, legal, and value of reputation
Opportunities and threats
Trends in the competitive environment
Trends in the technological environment
Trends in the socio-cultural environment

15. The SWOT matrix

16. SWOT analysis of Indian pharmaceutical industry

17. Strengths
India with a population of over a billion is a largely untapped market. In fact the penetration of modern medicine is less than 30% in India. To put things in perspective, per capita expenditure on health care in India is US$ 93 while the same for countries like Brazil is US$ 453 and Malaysia US$189. 
The growth of middle class in the country has resulted in fast changing lifestyles in urban and to some extent rural centers. This opens a huge market for lifestyle drugs, which has a very low contribution in the Indian markets. 

18. Strengths
Indian manufacturers are one of the lowest cost producers of drugs in the world. With a scalable labor force, Indian manufactures can produce drugs at 40% to 50% of the cost to the rest of the world. In some cases, this cost is as low as 90%. 
Indian pharmaceutical industry posses excellent chemistry and process reengineering skills. This adds to the competitive advantage of the Indian companies. The strength in chemistry skill help Indian companies to develop processes, which are cost effective.

19. Weakness
The Indian pharma companies are marred by the price regulation. Over a period of time, this regulation has reduced the pricing ability of companies. The NPPA (National Pharma Pricing Authority), which is the authority to decide the various pricing parameters, sets prices of different drugs, which leads to lower profitability for the companies. The companies, which are lowest cost producers, are at advantage while those who cannot produce have either to stop production or bear losses.
Indian pharma sector has been marred by lack of product patent, which prevents global pharma companies to introduce new drugs in the country and discourages innovation and drug discovery. But this has provided an upper hand to the Indian pharma companies. 

20. Weakness
Indian pharma market is one of the least penetrated in the world. However, growth has been slow to come by. As a result, Indian majors are relying on exports for growth. To put things in to perspective, India accounts for almost 16% of the world population while the total size of industry is just 1% of the global pharma industry. 
Due to very low barriers to entry, Indian pharma industry is highly fragmented with about 300 large manufacturing units and about 18,000 small units spread across the country. This makes Indian pharma market increasingly competitive. The industry witnesses price competition, which reduces the growth of the industry in value term. To put things in perspective, in the year 2003, the industry actually grew by 10.4% but due to price competition, the growth in value terms was 8.2% (prices actually declined by 2.2%)

21. Opportunities
The migration into a product patent based regime is likely to transform industry fortunes in the long term. The new patent product regime will bring with it new innovative drugs. This will increase the profitability of MNC pharma companies and will force domestic pharma companies to focus more on R&D. This migration could result in consolidation as well. Very small players may not be able to cope up with the challenging environment and may succumb to giants. 
Large number of drugs going off-patent in Europe and in the US between 2008 to 2013 offers a big opportunity for the Indian companies to capture this market. Since generic drugs are commodities by nature, Indian producers have the competitive advantage, as they are the lowest cost producers of drugs in the world.

22. Opportunities
Opening up of health insurance sector and the expected growth in per capita income are key growth drivers from a long-term perspective. This leads to the expansion of healthcare industry of which pharma industry is an integral part. 
Being the lowest cost producer combined with FDA approved plants, Indian companies can become a global outsourcing hub for pharmaceutical products.
Healthcare as a % of GDP set to rise greater than current 1-1.5% during current 5 year plan.

23. Threats
There are certain concerns over the patent regime regarding its current structure. It might be possible that the new government may change certain provisions of the patent act formulated by the preceding government. 
Threats from other low cost countries like China and Israel exist. However, on the quality front, India is better placed relative to China. So, differentiation in the contract manufacturing side may wane.
The short-term threat for the pharma industry is the uncertainty regarding the implementation of VAT. Though this is likely to have a negative impact in the short-term, the implications over the long- term are positive for the industry.

24. THANK YOU -PHARMA STREET