1. Chapter 109: Oral Manifestations of Metabolic Bone Disease
Flavia Pirih, Laurie K. McCauley, and Jean Wactawski-Wende

2. From the Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 7th Edition.
Figure 1
Figure 1 Radiograph of a patient in a clinical research study to evaluate oral bone over time. The alveolar crest is cortical bone and typically radiopaque. With disease progression, density of the crest is lost as is horizontal and vertical bone height. The stepwedge provides a reference to compare osseous density with a standard. The edentulous area (after tooth loss) typically loses bone with time.
Figure 1 Radiograph of a patient in a clinical research study to evaluate oral bone over time. The alveolar crest is cortical bone and typically radiopaque. With disease progression, density of the crest is lost as is horizontal and vertical bone height. The stepwedge provides a reference to compare osseous density with a standard. The edentulous area (after tooth loss) typically loses bone with time.
© 2008 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research