1. Anterior Muscles Word Bank
Deltoid
External oblique
Flexor carpi
Seratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Sartorius
Biceps brachii
Trapezius
Rectus abdominus
Tibialis anterior
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Sternocleidomastoid
Masseter
Vastus lateralis

2. Posterior Muscles Word Bank
Latissimus dorsi Trapezius
Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius
Infraspinatus fascia Triceps
Rhomboideus Gracilis
Extensor carpi radialis Gluteus medius
Extensor carpi ulnaris Gluteus maximus
Semistendinosus Extensor digitorium communis
Soleus

3. Muscular System
The body has more than 600 muscles that make up 40 to 45% of the body’s weight

4. Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle Striated Voluntary
Dark and light bands in fibers
Voluntary
Conscious control over these muscles

5. Muscle Tissue Smooth or Visceral Muscles Located:
Walls of internal organs
Respiratory and digestive tracts
Digestive tract=peristalsis
Wavelike movement
Causes contents to be propelled onward

6. Smooth Muscle Unstriated Involuntary No dark and light bands
Under control of the autonomic nervous system

7. Cardiac Muscles
Indistinctly striated
Involuntary

8. Muscle Function

9. Muscle Function Aid in movement Provide and maintain posture
Protect internal organs
Provide movement of blood, food and waste products
Open and close body openings
Provide heat

10. How Muscles
Are Named

11. How Muscles are Named Muscle origin Muscle insertion
Place where muscle begins
More fixed end nearest midline
where movement does not occurs
Muscle insertion
Place where muscle ends
End where movement occurs
Farthest from midline

12. How Muscles are Named Size Shape Direction of fibers Location Number
Maximus
Minimus
Shape
Deltoid
Trapezius
Direction of fibers
Rectus
Oblique
Location
Anterior
Posterior
Bone
Number Bi
Tri
Quad

13. Characteristics of Muscles
Irritability
Ability to respond to stimulus
Contractibility
Ability to shorten
Extensibility
Ability to stretch and lengthen
Elasticity
Ability to return to original length at rest

14. Muscular System Flaccid Muscle tone or tonus Soft when not contracted
Normal state of balanced muscle tension required to hold body in awake position
Partial state of contraction
Muscles are ready for action

15. Flaccid and Tone

16. Tendons Strong, fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
Achilles tendon
Located bottom of the calf (gastrocnemius muscle)
Secures that muscle to heel of bone (calcaneus)

17. Fascia
Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscle

18. Fascia

19. Structures of Muscles Made of bundles of muscle fibers
Basic unit causing contraction: sarcomeres
made of actin & myosin myofibrils

21. Contraction of Muscles
Sliding filament theory
Contain bundles of muscle fibers
Single fiber:
Fibrils containing actin & myosin filaments
During contraction, actin & myosin filaments move close together to shorten muscle

22. Contraction of Muscles
Results from:
Myoneural stimulation
Glucose fuels ADP-ATP cycle for release of energy
Calcium needed for reaction to occur
Produces:
Muscle contraction
Heat
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide & water

23. Types of Muscle Contractions
Isotonic: shortening produces movement
Isometric: does not produce shortening or movement
Twitch: quick, jerky movement
Tetanic contraction (tetany): sustained contraction caused by stimuli in rapid succession

24. Types of Muscle Contractions
Fibrillation: uncoordinated contractions
Convulsions: contractions of groups of muscles in abnormal manner
Spasms: involuntary, sudden, prolonged

25. Muscle Movement Pull never push on bones Always cross a joint
Work in pairs:
Prime mover (agonist): pulls to cause movement
Antagonist: relaxes when agonist pulls
Synergists & fixators:
keep muscle & bone stable during movement

26. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Flexion:
Decrease angle between two bones or bending a limb at a joint
Elbow bent and lower arm brought upward
Knee bent and lower leg backward
Extension
Increase angle between two bones or straightening out a limb
Elbow straightened and lower arm downward

27. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Abduction
Movement away from body midline
Arm moves outward, away from side of body
Adduction
Movement toward midline of body
Arm moves inward, toward side of body
Rotation
Circular or semi-circular movement around an axis
Turning the head when saying no

28. Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle
Pronation:
Turning hand downward
Supination:
Turning hand upward

29. Pathology of the
Muscular System

30. Muscle atrophy Weakening and wasting away of muscle tissue
Occurs with paralysis and other conditions
Can lead to contractures:
Joint remains in flexed position

31. Muscular dystrophy Genetic disease Gradual atrophy of muscle tissue
No cure
Treatment:
Medication to slow
Braces
Corrective surgery

32. Muscular Dystrophy

33. Fibromyalgia
A group of muscle disorders affecting the tendons, ligaments, and other fibrous tissues
Common sites of pain
Neck, shoulders, thorax, lower back, thighs
Myalgia common
Treatment: reduce stress, therapy, exercise

34. Hernia Types: Inguinal-most common Hiatal Umbilical
The abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area
Result from weakness in stomach muscles
Treatment: bracing or surgery
Types:
Inguinal-most common
Hiatal
Umbilical
Inguinal-intestines protrude the inguinal canal
Hiatal- stomach protrudes up through the diaphram
Umbilical

35. Poliomyelitis A viral infection Results in paralysis of muscles
Prevented by vaccination
No cure

36. Myesthenia gravis
Nerve impulses not transmitted normally from brain to muscles
Considered autoimmune
Muscle weakness may become severe enough for life support

37. Pes panus Flatfoot or fallen arches
Either congenital or from weakened foot muscles
May cause extreme pain

38. Tetanus AKA “lock jaw” Caused by a bacterial infection
Prevention: immunization
No cure-palliative care of symptoms

39. Muscle Pathology Muscle sprain Muscle strain
A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments of a joint
Muscle strain
Torn or stretched tendons and muscles, causing pain

40. Muscular System
Terminology

41. Muscular Terminology Ab- Add- Dors- Ex- Fibr- My- Pector- Rectus-
Away from, not
Add-
In addition to
Dors-
back
Ex-
out
Fibr-
fiber
My-
muscle
Pector-
chest
Rectus-
upright
Tend-
tendon

42. Muscle Movement

43. Muscle Movement
Quadriceps
Extends lower leg (knee)

44. Muscle Movement
Deltoid
Abduct arm

45. Muscle Movement
Trapezius
Shrug shoulder

46. Muscle Movement
Gastrocnemius
Stand on tiptoe

47. Muscle Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Rotates head

48. Muscle Movement External obliques Rectus abdominis Bending to the side
Sit up

49. Muscle Movement Sartorius
Origin Anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvic bone
Insertion anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus
Artery femoral artery
Nerve femoral nerve (sometimes from the intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh)
Actions Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee[1]

50. Muscle Movement
Intercostals muscle
inhaling

51. Muscle Movement
Biceps brachii
Flexes lower arm

52. Muscle Movement
Triceps brachii
Extends lower arm
Used for push ups

53. Muscle Movement Hamstring Gluteus maximus Quadriceps
Used in lower leg curls-flexes the knee
Gluteus maximus
Extend hip
Quadriceps
Flex hip

54. Muscle Movement
Tibialis anterior
Flex foot

55. Muscle Movement
Flexor carpi
Flex hand

56. The End http://learn.visiblebody.com/muscular/muscle-movements