1. BCJ 3150: Probation and Parole
Unit I Flash Cards
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2. Probation and Parole
an alternative to incarceration in which the offender is allowed to remain in the community while serving all or part of his or her sentence
Community corrections
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3. Probation and Parole
the offender has been sentenced or has pleaded guilty
Post – adjudication – post-conviction
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4. Probation and Parole
the offender has not yet been found guilty, pleaded guilty, or has been offered a deferred prosecution program
Pre-adjudication – prior to conviction
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5. Probation and Parole
a form of community corrections for an offender in which he or she is subject to specific court-ordered conditions for a specific period of time
Probation
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6. Probation and Parole
involves discretionary release and the idea that offenders can be rehabilitated
Indeterminate sentencing
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7. Probation and Parole
focuses primarily on punishment and incapacitation and involves little discretion by the sentencing judge; also known as presumptive, fixed, or mandatory sentence
Determinate sentencing
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8. Probation and Parole
money paid to the court by or on the behalf of the accused to ensure that the accused returns to court for future court dates; if the defendant misses court dates, this is forfeited, and a warrant for the defendant’s arrest is typically issued by the judge
Bail
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9. Probation and Parole
a form of pre-adjudication community corrections in which the defendant is ordered by the court to complete certain activities and the defendant is monitored by the probation department
Pretrial-supervision
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10. Probation and Parole
used to enhance standard community corrections conditions and are viewed as being on a continuum; can involve things like participation in a substance abuse treatment program or electronic monitoring
Intermediate sanctions
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11. Probation and Parole
a focus of parole and prisons; involves helping a prisoner transition back into the community successfully by completing certain programs
Prisoner reentry
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12. Probation and Parole
a prisoner reentry program for low-risk offenders that allows the offender to reconnect with family, find a job, and better transition into the community
Prerelease program
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13. Probation and Parole
like probation; the offender is supervised in the community after serving part of his or her prison sentence, and the offender must complete certain programs and comply with specific rules
Parole
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14. Probation and Parole
the theory that an offender will weigh the pros and cons of committing a technical violation or new offense while on community supervision and realize that the cons outweigh the benefits
Specific deterrence theory
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15. Probation and Parole
a primary goal of the criminal justice system in which the focus is to change the offender’s thinking, and therefore his or her behavior, so that he or she will not commit a new offense; done by having the offender participate in specific programs
Rehabilitation
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16. Probation and Parole Risk/need/responsivity
a theory of rehabilitation; probation and parole officers need to first determine what level of risk the offender poses to the community, and then the officers need to identify the offender’s needs that if met will keep the offender from recidivating, and then the officers need to refer the offender to the appropriate agencies that will help the offender meet those needs
Risk/need/responsivity
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17. Probation and Parole
examples include unemployment, substance use, a criminal peer group, and a lack of social support; addressing these factors decreases the likelihood that an offender will commit a new crime
Criminogenic needs
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18. Probation and Parole
a sentencing concept that involves the offender, victim, and community, enabling the offender to accept responsibility for his or her actions while repairing the harm he or she has done
Restorative justice
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19. Probation and Parole
a theory of community corrections that combines the offender wanting to change his or her thinking and behavior with supervision in the community, good social support, and a good relationship with his or her supervising officer
Participation process model
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20. Probation and Parole
programs and services that have been scientifically tested and proven to work with offender populations in reducing risk, criminal thinking, and criminal behavior
Evidence-based practices
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21. Probation and Parole
Example: first-time low risk drug offenders are placed in a treatment program with high-risk addicted offenders because that program needs participants in order to justify spending the money on it
Net-widening
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22. Probation and Parole
includes rearrest, reconviction, or reincarceration
Recidivism
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