1. Welcome! Please take out the packet from Mr. Cowhitt.

2. India
Vocabulary: viceroy, dominion status, communalism/sectarianism, partition
People: Gandhi, Nehru, Mountbatten
Organizations: Muslim League, Indian National Army, Indian National Congress (party), BJS, Scheduled Caste Federation, Socialists
Themes: religious conflict
Debates: were the British to blame for the violence surrounding partition? What is a stronger appeal – hope or fear?

3. India - Challenges
Vocabulary: ethnic cleansing, political asylum, separatism, repatriation (we’ve seen this before)
Issues:
Division/Borders
religious conflict Punjab, West Bengal, Kashmir
princely states
Political extremism – RSS/Gandhi
Language conflicts
Tribal communities (Naga, Hyderabad)
Questions: why was repatriation abandoned in 1954?

4. India - Impact
Vocabulary: Five-year plans (ag, industry, self- sufficiency, reduce unemployment), brain drain, dowry, scheduled castes
People: B.R. Ambedkar, Patel
Issues:
Education – free up to age 14; mostly improved higher ed
Health – life expectancy up (huge rise in pop. growth)
Social Welfare: Comm. Dev. Pro.; Panchayati Raj – least successful?
Women: failed Hindu Code bill – achieved in parts post Patel’s death: Succession and Marriage Acts, dowry ban; challenge to change rural attitudes and actions
Minorities: 20% of parliament to Dalits, special infrastructure; challenge to change attitudes and actions

5. Transition to Democracy – S.A.
People/Orgs: Steve Biko, United Democratic Front (UDF), COSATU, F.W. de Klerk; Inkatha (IFP); Third Force; Mbecki
Terms: tricameral parliament; Slovo’s sunset clauses
Events: Soweto Uprising (1976); new constitution (1983), Unbanning of ANC and release of prisoners (1990); CODESA (1991); referendum (1992); Hani assassination (1993); 1st Election (April 1994); new constitution (1996)
Other: Know arguments for why it happened when it did

6. S.A. Challenges
integrating old symbols from both the government and the resistance into new combined symbols (ex: flag, nat’l anthem, etc.)
TRC – Desmond Tutu (4th Nobel winner); controversies re: amnesty, crimes by gov v resistance
Huge migration influx - xenophobia
White reluctance to engage in true transformation (Mbecki)
Political extremism – Boer Force, PAGAD, general violence
Mass inequality (land reform)
Did the ANC depart from its principles?

7. S.A. Policies
Distribution of Wealth: RDP, GEAR, BEE, mass unemployment, some improved labor conditions
Education: Huge disparities in African vs. other groups’ achievement rate, even into the 2000s.
Health: expanded, but reduced quality; mostly young adults affected by AIDS – 4.2 million infected
Women: Given full equality, but customary law still allows for inequality; huge rates of rape and domestic violence. Did improve outcomes for many rural women through work programs.
Other:
Affirmative action policies to help increase representation of Black Africans and women in government – one of the biggest successes.
Difficult to deal with culture because funding had historically just gone to Euro-centric arts with little support for traditional arts – difficult to find unifying “culture”

8. You’ve got this!!!
Good luck!!!