1. Anatomy of the Eye
By: Kaitlyn Stevens, Nicole Morgan, Cayla Campbell, Blake Rogers, Megan Simpson

2. Parts of the Eye

3. Parts of the Eye Explained
Retina- light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye
Cornea- clear front surface of eye, part of the eye that primarily focuses light
Iris- functions like diaphragm of a camera, controls amount of light reaching the back of the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil
Anterior Chamber- space between cornea and iris
Lens- located directly behind the pupil and focuses light
Posterior Chamber- region behind the iris

4. Parts of Eye Continued
Ciliary body- controls ciliary muscle, controls shape of lens and ciliary epithelium
Aqueous humor- slightly alkaline liquid that occupies the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye
Suspensory ligaments- ligament that supports a body part
Vitreous humor- transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye

5. Parts of Eye Continued
Choroid coat- vascular layer of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera
Sclera- “white part of eye”, fibrous, protective, outer layer of eye made of collagen and elastic fibers
Optic disc- raised disk on retina at point of entry of optic nerve, lacks visual receptors and creates a blind spot

6. Function of Eyelid
Eyelids protect eye from dirt, dust, bright light, and foreign matter
Eyelids also help spread tears over surface of eye
Lacrimal Apparatus produces tears

7. Structures of the eye
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, the clear front “window” of the eye. The cornea’s refractive power bends the light rays in such a way that they pass freely through the pupil the opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.

8. Function of Extrinsic Eye Muscles
Some of the fastest contracting and most precisely controlled skeletal muscles in the human body
Function as Agonist & Antagonists pairs to move the eyeball

9. Accommodation
Lens helps the eye automatically focus on near and approaching objects, like an autofocus camera lens.

10. Refraction
change in direction of propagation of any wave as a result of its traveling at different speeds at different points along the wave front.
•measurement of the focusing characteristics of an eye or eyes.

11. Refractive Disorders
Eyeglass lenses correct refractive errors by focusing light directly on the retina. The type of lens depends on the type and severity of the refractive error.
The strength of a lens (i.e., its refractive power) is measured in optical units called diopters. This measurement indicates how much refractive power the lens must have to focus images directly on the retina. The higher the diopter, the stronger the lens.

12. Structure of the Retina
Retina contains visual receptors called photoreceptors (rods and cones)
3 layers
Outer- Photoreceptors (rods & cones)
Middle-Bipolar neurons
Inner-Ganglion cells (axons join & form optic nerve)
Light passes through ganglion and bipolar neurons before reaching photoreceptors
Rods are abundant in the periphery of the retina whereas cones are found more frequently in the central areas
Phototransduction is conversion of light stimuli into neural signals
1. Photopigment absorbs light & breaks down to 2 components
2. Hyperpolarizes rods/cones
3. Decrease in release of inhibitory neurotransmitter
Fibers partially cross over in optic chiasm- Right half of brain interprets image from left eye and vice versa

13. Optical illusions http://www.illusions.org/

14. Sources
Bogi, Stephen. "Human Eye Anatomy: Parts of the Eye." All About Vision. N.p., Feb Web. 12 Apr
"Anatomy of Your Eye ." Clarkson Eyecare . Clarkson Eyecare, Web. 12 Apr. 2016
Dahl, Andrew. "Anatomy of Eye:Eyelids and Eyelaashes ." emedicinehealth . Ed. William C. Shiel. N.p., 7 Apr Web. 12 Apr
correction-overview.shtml#sthash.nE5Xsrr7.dpuf
Moresea’s Powerpoint