1. English for young physicists WS 09/10 Niklas Müller
The PANDA Calorimeter
English for young physicists
WS 09/10
Niklas Müller

2. Structure Motivation Physical Background FAIR at GSI Darmstadt
The PANDA Detector
Process of Scintillation
Conclusion / Outlook

3. Motivation 1.1 General
What is the structure of matter and how has everything evolute?
Particle physics are researching the subatomic constituents
of matter in the Universe and the fundamental forces
binding them.

4. 1. Motivation 1.2 PANDA and FAIR
How did matter in the early Universe develop ?
Where do the atomic elements come from?
How does the electromagnetic force work?
Where does the strong interaction, which binds
the particles of atomic nuclei come from?

5. Physical background 3.1 subatomic particles
Every matter is made of atomic nuclei, which consist of positiv charged
protons (+p) and neutral charged neutrons (n)
But why do they stick together?
There are a lot of subatomic,
fundamental particles
 Quarks
Quarks are bound together by the so
called strong interaction

6. 3. Physical background 3.2 Quarks and the standard model
Force
Carriers
Elementary particles
Elementary Particles
Quarks
Bosons
Leptons
Composite Particles

7. 3. Physical background 3.3 Strong Interaction
The strong Interaction is one of the four fundamental forces:
- Gravity
- Elektromagnetism
- Weak
- Strong
Gluons (g) are the carriers for the strong interaction between quarks
They mediate a color charge between quarks
Example Proton:
Blue up-quark
Red up-quark
Green down-quark
Gluons
Have also a color charge and
mediate quark-color

8. 3. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
FAIR is an international scientific project at the GSI in Darmstadt for
accelerating and colliding particles and ions
- accelerator rings
are 1100m in
circumference
SIS 18
UNILAC
SIS 100/300
antiproton
beam with energies
up to 4 GeV
HESR
2500 scientists from
44 countries
PANDA
Collision of Protons and Antiprotons
RESR

9. 3. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

10. The PANDA Detector 4.1 Overview
Anti-Proton ANhilation at DArmstadt
Fixed Target Experiments:
- A beam of Anti-protons collides with a hydrogen target inside the detector
- A variety of composite particals is produced and detected in every
spatial direction
- Several Layers of different detectors surround the target
- Because of Conservation of momentum most of the particles are detected
behind the collision area
Detection of e+ e-, + -, + -, , K+ K- , p+ and 

11. 4. The PANDA Detector 4.1 Components
Target Spectrometer
Forward Spectrometer
Beam
of anti-
protons
Target
= frozen Hydrogen
pellet p+

12. 4. The PANDA Detector 4.2 Target Spectrometer
Micro Vertex Detector
 Where is the particle?
Central Tracker
 What momentum has the particle?
DIRC
 What speed has the particle
Electromagnetic Calorimeter
 What energy has the particle?
Superconducting Solenoid
Moun Detectors

13. 4. The PANDA Detector 4.3 The Electromagnetic Calorimeter
- Detects the energy of particles
About Scintillation-Detectors of PbWO4
- Geometric coverage 96% 4π
- Operating temperature -25°C
Events rate about

14. 5. Process of Scintillation 5.1 Physics
- Scintillators are materials that absorbe the energy of a particle
- Photons and e- that hits the crystal produce a electron-photon shower
Conversion Compton Scattering Photo-effect
Energy
- Other particles do ionisation

15. 5. Process of Scintillation 5.2 Detectors
Detected light is proportional to the deposited energy
Light signal produces an electric
Current within the LAAPD
Signal is digitalized and processed
by the readout-electronics
counts
counts
counts
Research of the properties and quality
parameters of PbWO4 is done in Giessen
channel no
channel no
channel no

16. 6. Conclusion / Outlook PANDA will help to make a better understanding
of the fundamental questions of mankind by
researching the origin of mass, force and energy.
PANDA is also an option to write your
Bachelor Thesis here at Giessen University.

17. Sources FAIR PANDA - EMC Technical Design Report
FAIR PANDA - Solenoid and Dipole Spectrometer Magnets TDR
FAIR PANDA - Physics Performance Report
Messmethoden der Kern und Teilchen Physik –
Vorlesung Teil 5c Kalorimetrie – Rainer Novotny - - -