1. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Prepared By: Renee Brokaw
University of North Carolina, Charlotte
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2. Principles of Communication
Unit 1
Principles of Communication
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3. Foundations of Human Communication
Chapter 1
Foundations of Human Communication
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4. Communication Defined
is the process of acting on information (someone does or says something and others act or respond)
Human communication
is the process of making sense out of the world and
sharing that sense with others
by creating meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal messages

5. Communication Involves
Making sense: through interpreting what we see, hear, touch, smell, and taste
Sharing sense: we share what we experience by expressing our interpretation to ourselves and to others
Creating meaning: meaning is co-created, co-constructed by both the speaker and the listener
We communicate through verbal and non-verbal messages; we are the symbolic species. We use symbols ( words, sounds, gestures, visual images to communicate our thoughts
-Non-verbal: gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, clothing, jewelry to convey ideas, attitudes and feelings
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6. What Do We Mean By Effective and Competent Communication ?
The message should be understood as intended
The message should achieve its intended effect (purpose)
The message should be ethical (manipulating listeners would be ethical or unethical?)

7. The message should achieve its intended effect
Different purposes require different strategies of success.
Public speaking: inform, persuade, entertain
Interpersonal: build trust, develop intimacy, enjoy other’s company
Consider the goal of the communication act

8. The message should be ethical.
Ethics are the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.
Examples of unethical messages are messages that:
Manipulate listeners,
Unfairly restrict listeners’ choices,
Use false information, etc.

9. What Do We Mean By Ethics?
Values
Beliefs
Moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong
Being honest is the key to ethical communication

10. Are There Universal Moral And Ethical Codes?
Research
Yes there is a universal ethical code for interpreting the goodness and the badness of human behavior
“Do unto others what you would have others do unto you” (Christianity )
“one should seek for others the happiness one desires for oneself” ( Buddhism)
“what is hateful to you, do not do to others”
( Judaism)
No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself “ (Islam)

11. Why Study Communication?
To improve your employability : studying communication develops your leadership skills
To Improve your relationships (family, friendship, marriage …etc.)
To improve your health (quality of life)
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12. What Corporate Leaders Value
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13. To Improve Your Employability
Rank
Skills Evaluated 1.
Oral communication (speaking) skills 2.
Written communication skills 3.
Listening ability 4.
Enthusiasm 5.
Technical support 6.
Work experience 7.
Appearance 8.
Poise 9.
Resume
10.
Part-time or summer work experience
J.L. Winsor, D. Curtis and R.D. Stephens
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14. To Improve Your Relationships
“At the heart of a good relationship is good communication.”
D. Coleman
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15. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
To Improve Your Health
Strong social support systems reduce stress
Improving communication enhances well-being
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16. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Communication Models
Communication as action
Communication as interaction
Communication as transaction
Mediated communication
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17. Communication Models Communication as Action: Message Transfer
Communication takes place when a message is sent and received
Communication is a linear input/output process consisting of a source, a message, a channel, a receiver (listener), and noise (interference)

18. Harold Lasswell’s Communication As Action 1948
Who (sender)
Says what (message)
In what channel
To whom (receiver)
With what effect
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19. A Model of Communication as Action
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20. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Key Components
Source
Receiver
Message
Encoding
Decoding
Channel
Noise
Psychological
Physical
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21. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Challenge Question
The pathway through which messages pass between source and receiver is the:
Source
Channel
Receiver
Context
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22. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Answer
The pathway through which messages pass between source and receive is the
Source
Channel
Receiver
Context
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23. Communication Models Communication as Interaction: Message Exchange
Includes feedback as a response to a message sent by the communication source and places the process in context (the physical, historical, and psychological communication environment)
Communication is a linear (step-by-step process)

24. A Model of Communication as Interaction
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25. Communication Models Communication as Transaction: Message Creation
The source and the receiver of a message experience communication simultaneously
When we communicate with another, we are constantly reacting to what our partner is saying (verbal responses) and expressing (nonverbal responses)
We create meaning during a communication transaction

26. A Model of Communication as Transaction
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27. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Mediated Communication Versus Face to Face Communicaiton-4 key Differences
Anonymity:
Personal appearance
Distance
Time
Asynchronous
Synchronous
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28. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Challenge Question
Most contemporary communication scholars agree that the ________model of communication is the most realistic model.
Linear
Transactional
Interactional
Encoded
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29. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Answer
Most contemporary communication scholars agree that the ________model of communication is the most realistic model.
Linear
Transactional
Interactional
Encoded
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30. Communication Characteristics
Inescapable
opportunities to communicate are everywhere
Irreversible (once created, it can not be uncreated
“once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again” (Russian saying)
Complicated
otherwise we would have been able to minimize world conflicts and wars
Emphasize content and relationships
Consider that the content of a message refers to what is said
The relationship cues provided in how the message is communicated
Are governed by rules
Rules define appropriate and inappropriate communication in any given situation

31. Who Is/Are Involved In This Process?
To illustrate the complexity of the communication process Barnlund, a scholar, suggested that there are six “people” involved:
1- Who you think you are
2 - Who you think the other person is
3-Who you think the other person thinks you are
4-Who the other person thinks he/she is
5-Who the other person thinks you are
6-Who the other person thinks you think he/she is

32. Communication Principles for a Lifetime
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33. Communicating with Others: Three Contexts
Interpersonal Communication
Occurs when you interact simultaneously with another person and attempt to mutually influence each other.
Impersonal communication?
Group Communication
The verbal and nonverbal messages that occur among people who share a common goal, who feel a sense of belonging to a group, and who exert influence on each other.
small group
dyad
teams
Presentational communication
Public communication that occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to inform, persuade, or entertain.
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34. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Group Communication
Small group
At least three people
Dyad
Two people interacting
Team
Organized to facilitate common goal
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35. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Challenge Question
A small group requires at least:
Two members
Three members
Four members
Five members
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36. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc
Answer
A small group requires at least:
Two members
Three members
Four members
Five members
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37. Presentational Communication
Mediated communication: is any communication expressed via some channel other than those used when we communicate in person (phone line or cell-phone, TV, or a computer)
Mass communication: communicating a mediated message to many people at the same time
Organizational communication: the study of human communication as it occurs in organizations
Health communication: the study of how communication affects human health
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