1. the Sponges
Phylum Porifera

2. Taxonomic Referencing
King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
(Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

3. Tree of Life

4. Tree of Life

5. Tree of Life Protozoans – Animals whose bodies consist of single cells
Metazoans - Animals whose bodies consist of many cells

6. General Information Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Porifera
Porifera = “pore bearer”
Yellow barrel sponge
Pink lumpy sponge

7. Phylum Porifera

8. General Information Size range: 1cm to 2m in diameter
Giant Barrel sponges

9. General Information
They are without organs, mouth, digestive system or nervous tissue

10. Body Structure Ostia – small pores where water enters
Oscullum – large hole through which water flows to deliver food, oxygen and carry away waste products

12. Body Structure
Collar Cells – cells bearing flagella that maintain a steady current of water through the sponge
Amoebocytes – transport
food to other cell layers

14. Body Structure
Spicules – skeleton of the sponge, secreted by amebocyte cells; made of calcium carbonate or silica
Spongin –
flexible protein,
holds cells together

15. Level of organization *Body composed of cells, not tissues
Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

16. Habitat -Both marine and freshwater -Both tropical and polar climates
Purple Rope sponge
Fresh-water Sponge

17. Youtube Video Wonderful World of Sea Sponges

18. Feeding -Sponges are heterotrophic; considered filter feeders.
-Filter Feeder - organism which obtains nutrition by filtering small food particles from water

19. Feeding Process 1. Water & food goes in via ostia
2. Choanocytes (collar cells) trap food
3. Amoebocytes transfer food to other cells
4. Water exits through oscullum

20. Sponge Feeding

21. Respiration
-Through diffusion

22. Internal transport
Through diffusion

23. Response
NONE !
No nervous system
Pipe organ sponge

24. Locomotion Locomotion – movement or motility
-Larvae are free-swimming, use cilia
-Adults are sessile (do not move)

25. Regeneration Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts
Can also rebuild self if totally disintegrated

26. Reproduction -Porifera have both sexual and asexual reproduction
Asexual - budding

27. Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious = hermaphrodites,
both sexes in same organism
Egg & sperm produced
Self fertilization results in free-swimming larvae

28. Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious – have separate sexes
Egg OR sperm produced
Cross fertilization results in larvae
Larvae settles on sea floor to become adult

29. Sponge Reproduction

31. Ecological Roles Create habitat for other organisms
B. Food source for some

32. Sea Turtle Feeding on Sponge

33. Ecological Roles
Home use: the bath sponge
bathing, cleaning

34. Ecological Roles Medical research - Sponges don’t get cancer.
-Why not?
Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..

35. Azure Vase Sponge

36. Giant Barrel Sponge

37. Elephant Ear Sponge

38. Yellow Vase Sponges

39. Yellow Barrel Sponge

40. Red Branch Sponge

41. Red Beard Sponge

42. Nipple Sponge

43. SpongeBob Square Pants