1. APPLYING BASIC OF ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
APPLYING ELECTRICITY THEORY
TEORI DASAR LISTRIK

2. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM N N
Structure of the Atom

3. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
Atom is the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
Atom contains proton, neutron, and electron
All the materials we know, including solids, liquids and gases, contain two basic particles of electric charge: the electron and the proton.
Structure of the Atom

4. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
The electron is the smallest particle of electric charge having the characteristic called negative polarity.
The proton is the smallest particle of electric charge having the characteristic called positive polarity.
Neutron have no net charge.
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

5. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM Neutron Orbit Electron Proton Nucleus

6. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
Electrons are distributed in orbital rings around the nucleus.
The distribution of electrons determines the atom’s electrical stability.
The electrons in the orbital ring farthest from the nucleus are especially important.
Structure of the Atom

7. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
If electrons in the outermost ring escape from the atom they become free electrons.
Free electrons can move from one atom to the next and are the basis of electric current.
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

8. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
When electrons in the outermost ring of an atom can move easily from one atom to the next in a material, the material is called a conductor.
Examples of conductors include:
Silver
Copper
Aluminum
Structure of the Atom

9. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
When electrons in the outermost ring of an atom do not move about easily, but instead stay in their orbits, the material is called an insulator.
Examples of insulators include:
Glass
Plastic
Rubber
Structure of the Atom

10. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
Semiconductors are materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators.
Examples of semiconductors include:
Carbon
Silicon.
Germanium
Structure of the Atom

11. ELECTRIC CHARGE
Most common applications of electricity require the charge of billions of electrons or protons.
1 coulomb (C) is equal to the quantity (Q) of 6.25 × 1018 electrons or protons.
The symbol for electric charge is Q or q, for quantity.
Electric Charge

12. ELECTRIC CHARGE Negative and Positive Polarities
Charges of the same polarity tend to repel each other.
Charges of opposite polarity tend to attract each other.
Electrons tend to move toward protons because electrons have a much smaller mass than protons.
Electric Charge

13. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
ELECTRIC CHARGE
An electric charge can have either negative or positive polarity. An object with more electrons than protons has a net negative charge (-Q) whereas an object with more protons than electrons has a net positive charge (+Q).
An object with an equal number of electrons and protons is considered electrically neutral (Q = 0C)
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

14. Physical Force between Electric charge

15. ELECTRIC CHARGE Charge of an Electron
The charge of a single electron, or Qe, is 0.16 × 10−18 C.
It is expressed
−Qe = 0.16 × 10−18 C
(−Qe indicates the charge is negative.)
The charge of a single proton, QP, is also equal to × 10−18 C .
However, its polarity is positive instead of negative.
Electric Charge

16. THE VOLT UNIT OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
Potential refers to the possibility of doing work.
Any charge has the potential to do the work of moving another charge, either by attraction or repulsion.
Two unlike charges have a difference of potential.
Potential difference is often abbreviated PD.
The volt is the unit of potential difference.
Potential difference is also called voltage.
The Volt Unit of Potential Difference

17. THE VOLT UNIT OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
The volt is a measure of the amount of work or energy needed to move an electric charge.
The metric unit of work or energy is the joule (J). One joule = ft·lbs.
The potential difference (or voltage) between two points equals 1 volt when 1 J of energy is expended in moving 1 C of charge between those two points.
1 V = 1 J / 1 C 9
joules
coulomb
The Volt Unit of Potential Difference

18. ELECTRIC CURRENT
When the potential difference between two charges causes a third charge to move, the charge in motion is an electric current.
Current is a continuous flow of electric charges such as electrons.
Electric Current

19. ELECTRIC CURRENT
PENGHANTAR
CURRENT FLOW
ELECTRON FLOW
Potential difference across two ends of wire conductor causes drift of free electrons throughout the wire to produce electric current.
Electric Current

20. ELECTRIC CURRENT
The amount of current is dependent on the amount of voltage applied.
The greater the amount of applied voltage, the greater the number of free electrons that can be made to move, producing more charge in motion, and therefore a larger value of current.
Current can be defined as the rate of flow of electric charge. The unit of measure for electric current is the ampere (A).
1 A = 6.25 × 1018 electrons (1C) flowing past a given point each second, or 1A= 1C/s.
The letter symbol for current is I or i, for intensity.
Electric Current

21. RESISTANCE Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current.
A component manufactured to have a specific value of resistance is called a resistor.
Conductors, like copper or silver, have very low resistance.
Insulators, like glass and rubber, have very high resistance.
The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).
The symbol for resistance is R.
Resistance

22. RESISTANCE
Resistor and Schematic Symbols
Resistance

23. TYPES OF RESISTOR Types of Resistors Wire-wound resistors
Carbon-composition resistors
Film-type resistors
Carbon film
Metal film
Surface-mount resistors (chip resistors)
Fusible resistors
Thermistors
Types of Resistor

24. TYPES OF RESISTOR Wire Wound Resistor
Special resistance wire is wrapped around an insulating core, typically porcelain, cement, or pressed paper.
These resistors are typically used for high-current applications with low resistance and appreciable power.
Types of Resistor

25. TYPES OF RESISTOR Carbon Composition Resistors
Made of carbon or graphite mixed with a powdered insulating material.
Metal caps with tinned copper wire (called axial leads) are joined to the ends of the carbon resistance element. They are used for soldering the connections into a circuit.
Becoming obsolete because of the development of carbon-film resistors.
Types of Resistor

26. TYPES OF RESISTOR Carbon Film Resistors
Compared to carbon composition resistors, carbon-film resistors have tighter tolerances, are less sensitive to temperature changes and aging, and generate less noise.
Types of Resistor

27. TYPES OF RESISTOR Metal Film Resistors
Metal film resistors have very tight tolerances, are less sensitive to temperature changes and aging, and generate less noise.
Types of Resistor

28. TYPES OF RESISTOR Surface-Mount Resistors (also called chip resistors)
These resistors are:
Temperature-stable and rugged
Their end electrodes are soldered directly to a circuit board.
Much smaller than conventional resistors with axial leads.
Types of Resistor

29. TYPES OF RESISTOR Fusible Resistors:
Fusible resistors are wire-wound resistors made to burn open easily when the power rating is exceeded. They serve a dual function as both a fuse and a resistor.
Types of Resistor

30. TYPES OF RESISTOR Thermistors
Thermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors whose resistance value changes with changes in operating temperature.
Used in electronic circuits where temperature measurement, control, and compensation are desired.
Types of Resistor

31. RESISTOR COLOR CODING
Carbon resistors are small, so their R value in ohms is marked using a color-coding system.
Colors represent numerical values.
Coding is standardized by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).
Resistor Color Coding

32. RESISTOR COLOR CODING Color Code Resistor Color Code 0 Black 1 Brown
2 Red
3 Orange
4 Yellow
5 Green
6 Blue
7 Violet
8 Gray
9 White
Color Code
Resistor Color Code
Resistor Color Coding

33. RESISTOR COLOR CODING Resistors under 10 Ω:
The multiplier band is either gold or silver.
For gold, multiply by 0.1.
For silver, multiply by 0.01.
Resistor Color Coding

34. RESISTOR COLOR CODING Applying the Color Code
The amount by which the actual R can differ from the color-coded value is its tolerance. Tolerance is usually stated in percentages.
Yellow = 4
Resistor Color Coding

35. What is the nominal value and permissible ohmic range for each
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
What is the nominal value and permissible ohmic range for each
resistor shown?
1 kW (950 to 1050 W)
390 W (370.5 to W)
22 kW (20.9 to 23.1 kW)
1 MW (950 kW to 1.05 MW)
Resistor Color Coding

36. RESISTOR COLOR CODING Five-Band Color Code
Precision resistors often use a five-band code to obtain more accurate R values.
The first three stripes indicate the first 3 digits in the R value.
The fourth stripe is the multiplier.
The tolerance is given by the fifth stripe.
Brown = 1%
Red = 2%
Green = 0.5%
Blue = 0.25%
Violet = 0.1%.
Resistor Color Coding

37. RESISTOR COLOR CODING Zero-Ohm Resistor Has zero ohms of resistance.
Used for connecting two points on a printed-circuit board.
Body has a single black band around it.
Wattage ratings are typically 1/8- or 1/4-watt.
Resistor Color Coding

38. VARIABLE RESISTOR
A variable resistor is a resistor whose resistance value can be changed.
Variable Resistor

39. VARIABLE RESISTOR
Rheostats and potentiometers are variable resistances used to vary the amount of current or voltage in a circuit.
Rheostats:
Two terminals.
Connected in series with the load and the voltage source.
Varies the current.
Variable Resistor

40. VARIABLE RESISTOR Potentiometers: Three terminals.
Ends connected across the voltage source.
Third variable arm taps off part of the voltage.
Variable Resistor

41. VARIABLE RESISTOR
Variable Resistor

42. VARIABLE RESISTOR Using a Rheostat to Control Current Flow
The rheostat must have a wattage rating high enough for the maximum I when R is minimum.
Variable Resistor

43. VARIABLE RESISTOR Potentiometers
Potentiometers are three-terminal devices.
The applied V is input to the two end terminals of the potentiometer.
The variable V is output between the variable arm and an end terminal.
Variable Resistor

44. OHM’S LAW There are three forms of Ohm’s Law: where: V = IR I = V/R
R = V/I
where:
I = Current
V = Voltage
R = Resistance V I R
OHM’S LAW

45. OHM’S LAW
The three forms of Ohm’s law can be used to define the practical units of current, voltage, and resistance:
1 ampere = 1 volt / 1 ohm
1 volt = 1 ampere × 1 ohm
1 ohm = 1 volt / 1 ampere
OHM’S LAW

46. OHM’S LAW Applying Ohm’s Law V I R ? 20 V 20 V 4 W I = = 5 A 4 W 1 A ?
V = 1A × 12 W = 12 V
3 A
6 V ?
R =
3 A
= 2 W
OHM’S LAW

47. ELECTRIC POWER The basic unit of power is the watt (W).
Multiple units of power are:
Kilowatt (KW): Watts or 103 W
Megawatt (MW): 1 Million Watts or 106 W
Submultiple units of power are:
milliwatt (mW): 1-thousandth of a watt or 10-3 W
microwatt (μW): 1-millionth of a watt or 10-6 W
Electric Power

48. ELECTRIC POWER
Work and energy are basically the same, with identical units.
Power is different. It is the time rate of doing work.
Power = work / time.
Work = power × time.
Electric Power

49. ELECTRIC POWER 1 Joule 1 Coulomb 1 Volt = and 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb
Practical Units of Power and Work:
The rate at which work is done (power) equals the product of voltage and current. This is derived as follows:
First, recall that:
1 Joule
1 Coulomb
1 Volt =
and
1 Ampere =
1 Coulomb
1 Second
Electric Power

50. ELECTRIC POWER Power = Volts × Amps, or P = V × I Power (1 Watt) =
1 Joule
1 Coulomb ×
1 Second =
Electric Power

51. ELECTRIC POWER
There are three basic power formulas, but each can be in three forms for nine combinations.
Electric Power

52. Applying Power Formulas:
ELECTRIC POWER
Applying Power Formulas:
20 V
4 W
5 A
P = VI = 20 × 5 = 100 W
P = I2R = 25 × 4 = 100 W
P = V2 R =
400 4
= 100 W
Electric Power

53. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
CAPACITANCE
A capacitor is used to store charge for a short amount of time
Capacitor
Battery
Unit = Farad
Pico Farad - pF = 10-12F
Micro Farad - uF = 10-6F
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

54. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
CAPACITANCE
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

55. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
CAPACITOR CHARGING
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

56. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
CAPACITOR DISCHARGE
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

57. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
INDUCTANCE
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

58. Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan
INDUCTANCE
Menerapkan Teori Dasar Kelistrikan

59. FINISH HAVE A NICE PRACTICE
Hal finish Teknologi Informasi & Komunikasi 59

60. TIM PENYUSUN TEKNIK PRODUKSI & PENYIARAN PROGRAM PERTELEVISIAN
SMKN 1 CIMAHI
Drs. TEDI AHMAD SANTOSA, MM
TATANG RUSMANA, S. Pd, S.Sn
BUDI SURYANA, S.Sn
M. AGUNG FIRMANSYAH, S.Sos. I
TESSA M. AGUSTRIADI, Amd
ASEP KOSWARA
LINDA LINDIAWATI, S.Sos, S.Sn
R. YULIA RAMDANI, ST, S.Sn
MILA KARMILA, S.Sos. I