1. Begin Part II Ethics Prejudice
September 27
Begin Part II
Ethics
Prejudice

2. Reminders Final Exam October 3rd
Study in increments – small amounts of time
Don’t use the book (unless you do practice quizzes)
Use:
CCN
Notes Guides
Review Packet
Online textbook support -
Flex review quizlets

3. American Psychological association
Because of psychological studies that led to the questions about the potential harm to participants, the APA created a set of guidelines that must be followed for research to be accepted and published.
Milgram’s Obedience Study
Zimbardo’s Prison (roles) Study
Read through each of the seven guidelines together as a group.

4. Ethical Guidelines - APA
Informed consent
Risk/Explanation
Coercion/Option of withdraw at any time
Information provided for how to contact researcher after
Debrief/Explain any misconceptions at the earliest possible time (without creating bias)
Anonymity/Confidentiality
Those working with animals/humans must be trained
Great lengths must be taken to minimize all animal/human discomfort
Which guidelines are violated? How?

5. Unit II Part 2 Module 77 – Prejudice and Discrimination
Module 78 - Aggression
Module 79 - Attraction
Module 80 – Altruism

6. Definitions of prejudice
A bias (judgment) for or against something formed without sufficient basis; to “prejudge”
Webster’s Dictionary
Attitudes and beliefs involving a tendency to prejudge people, usually negatively and usually on the basis of a single personal characteristic (race, sex, religion, hair length, age, etc.), without any objective basis for making such judgment.
Sociologists

7. Definitions of Prejudice
A positive or negative attitude, judgment, or feeling about a person that is generalized from attitudes or beliefs about the group to which the person belongs.
Psychology
The ABC’s of Prejudice:
A – Affect/emotion
Feeling hatred
Feeling angry
B – Behaviors
Actions
Discrimination
C – Cognitions
Thoughts
Beliefs
Stereotyping
Justifying

8. prejudice in America Overt/Explicit Prejudice
Used to be called “old fashioned”
Manifest hostility toward groups/group members.
Hatred and superiority are the key components of the ABC’s
Subtle/Implicit Prejudice
Thought of as “modern” prejudice
Overt hatred has become ambivalence toward groups
Privilege is maintained, but not discussed outwardly
Lack of acknowledgment and subtle gestures become key components of ABC’s
If “called out,” individuals easily excuse behaviors due to cultural acceptance of ambivalence
A culture of “I love everybody” couched in subtle gestures and statements that demonstrate implicit bias

9. Prejudice What about your own prejudice?
Implicit Bias
Implicit Bias: Something that happens TO us based on our consistent exposure and surroundings. It is what we DO with it that makes all the difference.
We are often afraid it will “leak” out in our actions/words … and it does!
“Strikingly, the more participants differentiate by target race (processing Black targets as if they were threats), the more bias they show on our task.”
Correll Research, University of Colorado
"Job applicants with white names needed to send about 10 resumes to get one callback; those with African-American names needed to send around 15 resumes to get one callback.“
Bertrand Research

10. What is Privilege? https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=hD5f8GuNuGQ
Watch
Take the privilege walk
Complete the grid on your own, if you’d like.
Reflect
e. What is privilege and what are your privileges?
Brene Brown
“Privilege is about unearned rights.
I can walk into any store and find a doll that matches my daughter’s skin.
I can drive in any area near my home and not get pulled over.
I can go to the movies and hold hands with my partner [when I’m straight] and not fear getting hit in the head with a baseball bat.
I can wear a symbol of my religion like a cross necklace and not fear being called a murderer or terrorist.”

11. Roots of Prejudice: Can you think of examples of these in our world today?
Us vs. Them (In-group Bias)
The more time you spend with your group members (in), the less you are able to see things from another’s perspective (them). This lack of perspective leads to group polarization and group think.
How do we build “us” and “them” mentalities that are tolerant and inclusive?
Scapegoating
I’m angry about my __________________, so I blame “them” for ________________.
Categorization
Simplifying the world into general groups (us versus them). This generalization often creates in-group bias.
Vivid Cases
Justifying your prejudice based on a few/one vivid case (confirmation bias)
This ONE time, one of “them”______________, so ALL of “them” are like that (stereotyping).

12. The roots of prejudice Just World Phenomenon Blame-the-Victim Dynamic
People get what they deserve. Reward good/punish bad.
After years of doing ________ to “us,” it is only fair that “they” get to feel threatened.
My “in group” is successful because we’ve earned it.
Blame-the-Victim Dynamic
The victimized group lashes out against or internalizes the prejudice. Their behaviors are subsequently used against them as justification for the prejudice.
The FAE
Something inherent about a person (race, gender, orientation, class, age, ability) causes discrimination or stereotyping or harm. It isn’t the situation, it is WHO THEY ARE. It is THEIR fault.
5. What about privilege? Does our privilege foster the above cognitions?

13. Before We Continue – Quiz Extra Credit
Write Yes or No on the paper/Fold it
On the outside (after you fold), write your super secret name
If EVERYONE in this class writes no, then EVERYONE gets 5 extra points added to their last quiz
If only ONE person writes yes, then just that person gets 15 extra points added to their last quiz
If TWO or more people put yes, then nobody gets any extra credit.

14. Notebook Check Extra Credit Norm Presentations Finalize Unit 2 Part II
September 29
Notebook Check
Extra Credit Norm Presentations
Finalize Unit 2 Part II

15. Social Traps 10. Social Trap:
A term used by psychologists to describe a situation in which a few members of a group act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.
What did individuals try to gain?
What did the group lose?
Frustration leads to minor acts of aggression.
What happened with your class?
Did one person put their needs above the group’s?
Social Traps

16. Module 78 - Aggression

17. Muzafer Sherif – The Robbers Cave Experiments
As you read, jot down examples of the following terms. Some may not apply. Use your CCN to verify definitions beforehand. Us vs. Them (in-group bias) – favoring own group Scapegoating – prejudice is the outlet for anger by providing someone to blame Categorization/Stereotyping – simplifying world by putting people in to groups, usually based on a single characteristic (color of skin, gender, age, sexual orientation)
Vivid Cases (confirmation bias)-
judging an entire group based on a single(highly emotional) case or person or example
Just-World Phenomenon-
Objects of prejudice get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Blame-the-Victim Dynamic-
Victim responds to prejudice with anger or self-blame. The prejudiced group uses this as evidence to justify discrimination.

18. Mending prejudice/Altruism
Conciliation/GRIT
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension reduction
Several small conciliatory acts by each of the groups
Foot-in-the-door
Reciprocity norm
Foot in the Door
Get prejudiced individual to agree to small request
meet with a member of the out group for a short time
read a story
take the implicit bias test
Will likely agree to a larger request
stop posting horrid statements
do something FOR a member of the out group
defend a member of the out group
change!

19. Mending prejudice/altruism
Social Exchange Theory
When the benefits outweigh the costs in relationships
What are the benefits of changing my bias?
Are they greater than the cost?
Is there disharmony in my relationships/family because of my prejudice? Is the benefit of having a loving family worth putting in the effort to change?
Create a feeling of “benefit” with social responsibility, cooperation, social responsibility
(Cooperation) Superordinate Goals
Larger task to work toward –service project
Cooperation takes them away from minutia of in-group activities and allows for each group to see the “them” members as less generalized.
Robbers Cave Experiment
Fosters communication/mediation

20. Mending prejudice/Altruism
Reciprocity Norm
“They” do something kind, so “we” feel obligated to do something kind in return.
Mutual liking grows with time spent together
Eventually the boys in Sherif’s study liked each other so much they insisted on riding the same bus home together.
Social-Responsibility Norm
Expect those who are in power to help those that need help.
The Mere Exposure Effect
The more time you spend with somebody (an outgroup member), the more you will like them. Doing any of the above, will help to build bridges and increase empathy.

21. Individual behavior in groups
Bystander Effect
Bystander Intervention
NOTICE
INTERPRET
ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY
*The presence of bystanders affects the interpretation and assumption of responsibility
Kitty Ginovese/Article (attached)
Kitty Ginovese
What Would You Do?
Harold Takooshian – Why does this happen?
Situations Ambiguous
Don’t Know How Danger
Fear
Apathy (minor part)

22. Module 80 Mending Prejudice/Altruism
The act of being KIND – genuinely kind!
An unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Module 80 Mending Prejudice/Altruism

23. Group Influence When will we help? Darley and Latane
Person needs/deserves help
Similarity
Observational learning
Not rushed
Small towns/demographics
Guilt/reciprocity/responsibility
Focused
Good mood

24. Reminders Test Friday EVERYTHING DUE Study in small increments
If you have been absent, get work submitted before the end of your class period
FRIDAY IS THE DEADLINE – even if you are absent Friday!!
Study in small increments
Emphasize vocabulary
Complete the review packet – read instructions
Put your notebook together BEFORE class – you won’t have time during
Come ready to go!