1. Working with Cloud-based Storage
CSE423
VIRTUALIZATION AND CLOUD COMPUTING
Working with Cloud-based Storage

2. Introduction The world is creating massive amounts of data.
A large percentage of that data either is already stored in the cloud, will be stored in the cloud, or will pass through the cloud during the data's lifecycle.
Cloud storage systems are among the most successful cloud computing applications in use today.
This chapter surveys the area of cloud storage systems, categorizes the different cloud storage system types, discusses file-sharing and backup software and systems

3. Lecture Outline Measuring the digital universe
Provisioning cloud storage
Creating cloud storage systems
Cloud backup solutions
Cloud storage interoperability

4. Measuring the Digital Universe
Facts of hunger for storage
An with a 1GB attachment to 3 people can generate an estimated 5 GB of stored managed data.
Only 25% of the data stored is unique, while 75% of the data stored is duplicated.
70% of the data stored in the world is user initiated., remainder is enterprise generated content.

5. Measuring the Digital Universe
Facts of hunger for storage
More than 50% of the data created everyday is the data that is automatically generated, (called shadow data/digital shadow ) especially from video cameras and surveillance photos, financial transaction event logs, performance data and so on.
However lots of shadow data does get retained having never been touched by human bieng
Much of the data produced is temporal, stored briefly and get deleted.

6. Measuring the Digital Universe
The storage giant EMC has an interest in knowing just how much data is being stored worldwide.
EMC has funded some studies over the past decade to assess the size of what it calls “The Digital Universe.”
The latest study done by IDC in predicted that by 2011 the world will store 1800 exabytes (EB) or 1.8 zettabytes (ZB) of data. By the year 2020,stored data will reach an astonishing 35ZB

7. EMC’s Digital Universe Homepage

8. Cloud Storage Data Usage in 2020
By International Data Corporation, Digital Universe, May 2010

9. Cloud Storage Definition
IaaS model
Storage accessed by Web service API
Cloudy characteristics
Network access most often through browser
On-demand provisioning
User control
SaaS model
Software package on top of cloud storage for backup, synchronization, archiving, etc.

10. Storage Devices Block storage device File storage device
Raw storage that can be partitioned to create volumes
Data is transferred in blocks
Example, hard disk, flash drives
Faster data transfers/ additional overhead on clients
File storage device
Expose its storage to client in a form of files
Example, file server, most often in the form of Network Attached Storage (NAS) devise
Slower transfers/ less overhead from clients

11. Provisioning Cloud Storage
Cloud storage may be broadly categorized into two major classes of storage:
Unmanaged Storage
Managed Storage

12. Cloud Storage Types Unmanaged storage
Unmanaged storage is presented to a user as if it is a ready-to-use disk drive. The user has little control over the nature of how the disk is used.
Preconfigured storage (limited level of mgt)
Cannot (1) format as your like, (2) install your own file system (FAT, NTFS), and (3) change drive properties (compression, encryption)
Reliable, relatively cheap, easy to work with
Ex-Application using this storage are SaaS web services

13. Cloud Storage Types Managed storage Provided as a raw disk
Managed storage involves the provisioning of raw virtualized disk and the use of that disk to support applications that use cloud-based storage
Provided as a raw disk
Can (1) format and partition the disk, (2) attach or mount the disk, and (3) make storage assets available to applications and other users
Support applications built using Web services
Ex-Application using this storage are IaaS web services

14. Unmanaged Cloud Storage
With the development of high capacity disks in mid to late 1990 a new class of Storage provider known as Storage Service Provider (SSP) appeared with intent of doing online storage
IDrive, FreeDrive, MyVirtualDrive, OmniDrive, Xdrive offered file hosting services in unmanaged storage form.
Volumes were accessible using FTP then Utility then within browsers. DropBox example of file transfer utility.
In unmanaged cloud, disk space provided to user as a sized partition.

15. Dropbox – File Transfer Utility

16. Managed Cloud Storage
User provisions storage on demand and pays using pay-as-you-go model
System appears to user as a raw disk that user must partition and format
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
Rackspace Cloud
Google Storage for Developers

17. Amazon S3 and Rackspace Cloud

18. Creating Cloud Storage Systems
Concepts
Multiple copies of data are stored on multiple servers and in multiple locations
Storage virtualization software
Failover - > changing the pointers to the stored object’s location
Example
Amazon Web Service (EC2, S3) supports “failover” / load balancing ->but you must purchase these features

19. Evaluating Cloud Storage
Important considerations
Client self-service
Strong management capabilities
Scale up – more disks
Scale out – additional storage systems
Performance characteristics such as throughput
Block-based or file-based protocol support
Seamless maintenance and upgrades

20. Cloud Backup Solutions
Last line of defense in a strong backup routine
Backup types
Full system or image backups
Point-in-time (PIT) backups or snapshots
Incremental backups
3-2-1 Backup rule
3 copies (1 primary and 2 backups)
2 different media
1 copy should be stored offside

22. Backup Types Full System/ Image Backups
Creates a complete copy of volume including all system files, the boot record and any other data contained in the disks.
For create image backup of active system we need to stop all applications.
Ex. Ghost

23. Backup Types Point in Time (PIT) or Snapshots
Referred to as incremental backup, created so often.
Lets you restore your data to a point in time and save multiple copies of any files that have been changed.
Ex- Carbonite

24. Cloud Backup Solutions
Last line of defense in a strong backup routine
Backup types
Full system or image backups
Point-in-time (PIT) backups or snapshots
Incremental backups
3-2-1 Backup rule
3 copies (1 primary and 2 backups)
2 different media
1 copy should be stored offside

25. Cloud Backup Features Logon authentication
High encryption of data transfers
Automated and scheduled backup
Fast backup (snapshots) after full online backup, with historical versions of a file retained
Ability to retrieve historical versions of file

26. Cloud Backup Features (2)
Multiplatform support (Win/ Mac / Linux)
Web-based management console with ease to use features such as drag and drop.
24x7 technical support
Logging and reporting of operations
Multisite storage or replication, enabling data failover

27. Cloud Attached Backup

28. CTERA sells a server referred to as Cloud Attached Storage, which is meant for the Small and Medium Business (SMB) market, branch offices, and the Small Office Home Office (SOHO) market.
The CTERA Cloud Attached Storage backup server has the attributes of a NAS (Network Attached Storage), with the added feature that after you set up which systems you want to back up, create user accounts, and set the backup options through a browser interface, the system runs automated backup copying and synchronizing of your data with cloud storage. Backed up data may be shared between users

29. Cloud Storage Interoperability
Open standards (operating-system neutral and file-system neutral)
Workgroups
Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) from Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)
Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI) from SNIA and Open Grid Forum (OGF)

30. References
Chapter 15 of Course Book: Cloud Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Publishing Inc.