1. Introduction to qualitative research
Penn State College of Nursing: 200 W

2. Learning objectives
Contrast the characteristics of qualitative research with the characteristics of quantitative research
Describe five qualitative research approaches
Describe the intended outcome of each qualitative approach
Describe four ways that data may be collected in a qualitative study
Describe strategies used by qualitative researchers to increase the credibility and transferability of their findings
Critically appraise the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data of qualitative studies

3. Quantitative versus qualitative

4. Qualitative research Systematic Subjective
Describes life experiences and gives them meaning
Focus on the whole, holistic

5. Qualitative research purpose
Describe
Understand
Explain
Identify
Develop
Generate

6. Qualitative research methods
Multiple realities
Natural setting for data collection
Researchers and participants interact
Results are rich descriptions

7. Types of qualitative research
Phenomenological
Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Exploratory-Descriptive
Historical

8. Types of qualitative research
Based on the philosophical orientation and intended outcome
The type of qualitative approach taken is often dependent on he research question asked and the purpose of the research study

9. phenomenology
Provides a rich description of a ‘lived experience’

10. Grounded theory Symbolic Interaction Theory
Meaning is attached to things or actions which form our reality
Often result in theory development

11. ethnography
Based in anthropology
Focus on understanding the culture

12. Exploratory-descriptive
No specific approach described except for naturalistic inquiry, descriptive, or qualitative
Addresses the research purpose and question from a qualitative method

13. historical
Examination and description of events or other factors that influence what you are interested in

14. Qualitative research process
Select topic and problem
Justify significance of study
Design study
Identify and gain access to subjects
Select study subjects and data
Analyze data
Interpret results

15. differences Selection of subjects Researcher-participant relationship
Data collection methods
Data management
Data analysis
Interpretation of results

16. Selection of subjects Participants May volunteer or be sought out
Sample size is usually smaller

17. Researcher-participant selection
Relationship
Trust

18. Qualitative research data
Subjective
Incorporates Perceptions

19. Qualitative research data
Interview
Focus Groups
Observation
Text

20. Interpretation of results
Tentative
Focus on application to clinical practice

21. rigor Openness Adhere to a method or philosophy Data saturation
Multiple sources of data

22. rigor Rigor is impacted by all of the following negative factors:
Inconsistency in adhering to method or philosophy
Poorly developed methods
Lack of data collection time
Poor data collection methods
Failure to consider multiple sources of data

23. Questions? Comments?