1. Industrialisation Agricultural economy to machine economy
Began in the United Kingdom
Replacement of human power with machine power to increase productivity
Revolution (1700s and 1800s)
Use of fossil fuels to substitute human energy (Industrial Revolution)
Development and use of technology through engineering (Technological Revolution)
Transportation , fishing on larger scale and deeper waters, communication

2. Effects of Industrialisation
Pollution
Greenhouse gases
Accumulation of waste
Resource exploitation
Child labour
Slavery
Population explosion
Rural-urban migration

4. Urbanisation
The movement of people from farms rural areas to urban areas

9. Population growth Current world population = 7 525 247 798
More than 75 million added per year
About 97 % of global population is from developing countries
Uneven global distribution

10. Uneven population distribution

11. World population clock

12. Highest populous countries

13. Is population growth a problem?

14. Poverty and Inequality Resource and environment destruction EducationNO
YES
Underdevelopment
Poverty and Inequality
Resource and environment destruction
Education
Population distribution
Food
Environment
International migration

15. Population growth IS NOT a problem
Underdevelopment
Continued gap between developing and developed countries
Developing countries should become developed
Resource and environment destruction
Developed countries seen as a problem
Consume about 80 % of natural resources
Consume 16 times food energy than developing countries
Population distribution
Congestion in one place (e.g. central Java and urban migration)
Few people living in resourceful areas (e.g. North-eastern Brazil & Amazon)

16. Population growth IS a problem
Poverty and Inequality
Impoverished people suffer cuts from government health, education programs, jobs and bear the impact of environment damage
Education
Large families not having money to pay every child’s school fees
High quantity than good quality schools = decrease in education quality

17. Population growth IS a problem
Food
Challenge of feeding wold’s population with the correct diet
Increase in food demand, with limited space available
Environment
Environment degradation, transformation, overexploitation and utilisation, pollution and
International migration
Illegal migration increases population in many developing countries

18. Possible solutions to population control
Persuade people to have smaller families
Media
Formal and informal education
Enhance family planning programs
Manipulate economic incentives and disincentives for having children
Increase school fees
Allow maximum 2 maternity leave
Subsidise families with few members

19. Case studies Singapore India Maximum of 2 children
1984: school fees discounts to children from female degree-holders
2004: Birth rate dropped and government introduced incentives for population increase
India
Female savings account to be paid out at age 45 if they did not bare too many children

20. Case studies Taiwan South Korea China
Education subsidy for the first 2 children
More children resulted in a subsidy decrease or termination of subsidy
South Korea
Free medical care for families with 2 children and parent was sterilized
China
1 child policy
More than 1 child resulted in heavy fines or tax per additional child
Policy resulted in many first born daughters being put to death