1. Lecture 9 Saturday, April 22nd
Kristina Gonzales, BS, MHA

2. Wrap Up
Gonzales, Spring 2017

3. Discussion…pages

4. Writing Effective Sentences
Gonzales, Spring 2017

5. Aka Independent clauses
Language Arts- Lesson 1
Simple Sentences
Aka Independent clauses
Subject  person, place or thing
Verb  word that tells what action the subject is doing or links the subject to a modifier
Gonzales, Spring 2017

6. Language Arts- Lesson 1 Simple Sentences
Compound subject: linked with “and, or neither, nor”
Joe waited for the train. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb  
The train was late. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb  
Mary and Samantha took the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb  
I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. "I" = subject, "looked" = verb  
Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon for the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "waited" = compound verb  
Gonzales, Spring 2017

7. Language Arts- Lesson 1 Simple Sentences
Fragment  missing either a subject or the verb; incomplete sentence
Must have correct end punctuation
Gonzales, Spring 2017

8. Compound and Complex Sentences
Language Arts- Lesson 2
Compound and Complex Sentences
Join 2 or more independent clauses in one compound sentence
Choose a logical coordinating conjunction to join the independent clauses
“and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet”
Insert a comma before the coordinating conjunction
Complex sentences  made up of an independent clause and a subordinate clause  subject and verb but it does not express a complex thought
Subordinate conjunction  shows the relationship
Gonzales, Spring 2017

9. Run-Ons and Comma Splices
Language Arts- Lesson 3
Run-Ons and Comma Splices
Run-on  2 independent clauses are combined without proper punctuation
Comma splices  2 sentences are joined with just a comma; add a coordinating conjunction after the comma
Gonzales, Spring 2017

10. Language Arts- Lesson 4 Subordinate Ideas
Sentences need to flow smoothly, eliminate choppy sentences
You can use subordination to fix this
Predicate  what is being said about the subject
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11. Language Arts- Lesson 5 Modify Ideas
Modifiers words and phrases used to add description details
They make writing clearer, more specific, and more interesting
Dangling modifier  word or phrase at the beginning of the sentence that has no clear subject to describe
Misplaced modifier  poorly place in the sentence
Gonzales, Spring 2017

12. Language Arts- Lesson 6 Parallel Structure
Sentences that lists 2 or more words, phrases, or clauses, the elements in the list must be in the same grammatical form  parallel structure
Make sure verb is in the same form and tense
Parallel in form and wording
Each list must have single words, short phrases, or clauses
Use commas
Gonzales, Spring 2017

13. Life Science
Gonzales, Spring 2017

14. Lesson 4: Health Issues
3 ways our health can be affected: infections, nutrition, & substance abuse
Infection  invasion of the body by germs (microorganisms)
Characterized by fever & other symptoms
Germs enter body by:
-breaks in the skin  example: tetanus
-air  example: influenza
-contaminated food & water  example: food poisoning
-sexual activity  example: gonorrhea
Most common germs: bacteria & viruses
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

15. Lesson 4: Health Issues Body has natural defenses against infection:
ex. Skin, mucous membrane in nose, tears, stomach acid
*if germs pass these barriers…
the immune system creates antibodies  destroys germs
*infectious diseases are less common in developed nations because:
Better nutrition – living conditions – safe water – sewage systems
Immunization  protection against specific infectious diseases
antibiotics  drugs that fight bacteria
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

16. **you need a well-balanced diet**
Lesson 4: Health Issues
Nutrients  needed for growth, normal functioning & maintenance of cells
They come from food
Examples: proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
**you need a well-balanced diet**
Drugs  substances that affect the structure or function of the body
Uses: treat disease or relieve symptoms
Drug abuse – nonmedical use of a drug that affects a person’s normal functioning
This leads to addiction  severe form of dependence that causes physical changes in body so that when drug wears off, withdrawal symptoms
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

17. Lesson 4: Health Issues
Milder form of dependence  psychological dependence or habituation  urge to take is strong, with no withdrawal systems
Examples: weed, hallucinogens
Glue, gas, aerosols  inhalants  sniffed for their effect on the nervous system; slows down the nervous system
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

18. Lesson 5: Reproduction & Heredity
All species reproduce in some way
2 types of reproduction:
Asexual  individual organism produces offspring identical to the parent
Example: budding
Sexual  2 sex cells combine to form unique offspring with characteristics from both parent cells
Sperm and ova
Traits  physical characteristics of organisms
Passing of traits fro parents to offspring in sexual reproduction  heredity
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

19. Lesson 5: Reproduction & Heredity
1st person of heredity  passing of traits from parents to offspring in sexual reproduction – Gregor Mendel
He observed & bred plants
Experimental with purebred pea plants
Kept experimenting & concluded…
Inheritance  individual factors from each parent plant control specific traits
Genes  factors that control traits
Different forms of genes = alleles
Dominant allele  controls the
appearance of the traits
Recessive allele  trait is hidden
**For recessive to show, individual must
Inherit 2 recessive alleles
hybrid 
Offspring
1 parent (mom)
1 parent (dad)

20. Algebra Basics…
Gonzales, Spring 2017

21. Lesson 5: Absolute Values
Absolute value  is its distance from zero on the number line
-because the distance is always positive, the absolute value of any positive or negative number is always positive
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

22. Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions
Algebraic expressions  uses numbers, operations, and variables to show number relationships
Variables  letters that represent unknown numbers
Simplifying and Evaluating Expressions
Simplifying an expression
Terms  a number, a variable, or the product or quotient of numbers and variables
Like terms
Distributive property
Evaluating
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017

23. Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions
Simplifying and Evaluating Expressions
Factor and multiples
Factors  when you multiply 2 numbers to create a product, the numbers you multiply are the factors
Prime numbers  positive whole numbers with only two positive factors, 1 and the number itself
Prime factorization  includes more than two factors
Greatest common factor (GCF)  largest number that divides evenly into both integers
Least common multiple (LCM)  smallest number that both integers divide into
The earliest americans traveled from Asia to North America. These americans were called “Native Americans”. They were the first to settle, until an explorer name Christopher Columbus arrived. There were many explorers traveling and discovering the world in the late 1400s. In 1492, CC set out across the Atlantic ocean. He was rejected by multiple Kings, and finally went to Spain and convinced them finance his trip. At first he assumed he found India and later on it was discovered that he actually found the “new world”.
After this discovery, European nations set out to conquer what they could. In other terms, they discovered new “colonies”.
Was about power, wealth, and place to live
Gonzales, Spring 2017