1. Todays Focus Vocabulary, Grammar and Punctuation.
Year Six
Learning Together Workshop

2. Aims
Grammar, spelling and punctuation are key areas in the teaching of English.
The main aims of this workshop is to help parents to:
Develop children's ability to use language clearly, concisely and effectively.
Help children use standard English where appropriate.
Provide children with the vocabulary they need to discuss, reflect on and understand grammar, spelling and punctuation.

3. New Curriculum Expectations – Year 6

4. New Curriculum Expectations – Year 6

5. Year 5 and 6 word list accommodate accompany according achieve
aggressive
amateur
ancient
apparent appreciate attached
Available
average
awkward
Bargain
bruise
category
cemetery committee communicate community competition conscience* conscious* controversy convenience correspond
criticise (critic + ise) curiosity
definite
desperate
determined
develop
dictionary
disastrous
embarrass
environment
equip (–ped, –ment)
especially
exaggerate
excellent
existence
explanation
familiar
foreign
forty
frequently
government
guarantee
harass
hindrance
identity
immediate(ly)
individual
interfere
interrupt
language
leisure
lightning
marvellous
mischievous
muscle
necessary
neighbour
nuisance
occupy
occur
opportunity
parliament
persuade
physical
prejudice
Privilege
profession
programme pronunciation
queue
recognise
recommend
relevant
restaurant
rhyme
rhythm
sacrifice
secretary
shoulder
signature
sincere(ly)
soldier
stomach
sufficient
suggest
symbol
system
temperature
thorough
twelfth
variety
vegetable
vehicle
yacht

6. Word classes noun article/determiner adjective verb pronoun adverb
conjunction
preposition

7. Word classes article/determiner adjective noun verb adverb pronoun
a word that tells you where, when, how or how often an action is done
article/determiner
adjective
a word that describes a noun or pronoun
noun
a word used to name a person, place, animal or object
verb
A word that shows action or a state of being.
adverb
a word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here, now, very ).
pronoun
a word that replaces a noun
conjunction
a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).
preposition
usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in ‘the man on the platform’.

8. Nouns - a word used to name a person, place, animal or object
KS1 sample paper 2016
KS1 GPS test 2016

9. The leaves on our tree turned orange as the weather became colder.
Nouns - a word used to name a person, place, animal or object
Circle all the nouns in the sentence below.
The leaves on our tree turned orange as the weather became colder.
Previous KS2 paper

10. That dog barked at this man.
Determiners
Dog barked at man.
A determiner is like a special adjective that pins down precisely which noun is being talked about. In most instances, a noun cannot stand on its own in a sentence and needs a determiner to help us know which particular thing is being referred to.
That dog barked at this man.

11. Article Some determiners a dog, an apple (indefinite article)
the dog (definite article)
Some determiners
this dog, that dog
all dogs, every dog, some dogs, no dogs, each dog
one dog, two dogs, three dogs
his dog, her dog, my dog
much, many

12. Previous sample paper 2016 KS2 sample paper 2016
Determiner - A word that shows action or a state of being.
Previous sample paper 2016
KS2 sample paper 2016

13. Determiner - A word that shows action or a state of being.
KS2 GPS test 2016

14. Pronouns - a word that replaces a noun
Personal pronouns
I/me, you, he/him, she/her, we/us, they/them, it.
I like him.
They don’t want it.
Personal pronouns often ‘replace’ a noun or a noun phrase and enable us to avoid repetition.
I saw your father but I didn’t speak to him.

15. As subject
As direct object
Possessive with noun
Possessive on its own
Reflexive I me my
mine
myself
you
your
yours
yourself
she
her
hers
herself he
him
his
himself it
its
itself we us
our
ours
ourselves
they
them
their
theirs
themselves

16. KS2 GPS test 2016

17. KS2 GPS test 2016
KS2 sample paper 2016

18. Verbs
A verb is a word (or words) that expresses an action, a happening, a process or state. It can be thought of as a “doing” word, eg shouts, has played or a “being” word, eg am, is, has been Verbs often occur in chains, eg was living, have been working. Every sentence needs a verb. I walk to school every day. I am waiting for the bus. He had been driving for hours Mark is tired and wants to go to bed.

19. Verbs
I walk to school every day. I am waiting for the bus. He had been driving for hours. Mark is tired and wants to go to bed.

20. KS1 GPS test 2016
KS1 sample paper 2016

21. What is a conjunction?
Conjunctions link things or actions within sentences. They are like glue – they help join words, phrases and clauses. By joining the parts of sentences together they can turn simple sentences into compound or complex sentences (ie from single to multi-clause).

22. Connectives What is new .. Change of terminology:
Conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating)
Cohesive devices (text structure)
Adverbial (for time connective)

23. Coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or
The cat and the kitten had both disappeared. He thought they would be in the garden or the house but he couldn’t find them anywhere.
Explain the function of and, but and or in these simple and compound sentences.

24. The conjunction detective
The Enormous Turnip
Once upon a time there was a little old man who grew an enormous turnip. Early one morning he decided to pull up the turnip to make turnip soup so he pulled ________ he pulled ________he pulled, ________ the turnip would not budge. Next he asked his wife to help. So the woman pulled the man ________the man pulled the turnip _________ still the turnip would not budge. Next he asked his son to help.

25. would you prefer to drive?
and, but, or
The meal was delicious ?
it was very expensive.
Shall we go by train
would you prefer to drive?
I think we should go home
have an early night.
You can have an ice cream now
you can save your money for later.
She is the fastest runner in the school
she is also good at netball.
John likes reading books
I prefer watching television.

27. Pick up a subordinating conjunction and finish the sentence
Pick up a subordinating conjunction and finish the sentence. Can you use any subordinator to finish the sentence?
You can’t watch television ...
I don’t like swimming...
She arrived home ...
The policeman knocked on the window ...

29. Lee didn’t like getting up in the mornings and so he was often late for school. ___________ the alarm went off, he would just turn it off and go straight back to sleep. His father tried to make him get up but he just kept on returning to bed. __________ everyone else was busy getting washed and dressed, he just slept. “_______ you don’t get up immediately, I’m going to come in with a bucket of water,” threatened his older sister. Such threats did not worry him _________ he had wisely locked the door.

30. Lee didn’t like getting up in the mornings and so he was often late for school. When/whenever the alarm went off, he would just turn it off and go straight back to sleep. His father tried to make him get up but he just kept on returning to bed. While everyone else was busy getting washed and dressed, he just slept. “If you don’t get up immediately, I’m going to come in with a bucket of water,” threatened his older sister. Such threats did not worry him since/because he had wisely locked the door.

31. KS2 GPS test 2016

32. Combination games Eating too much chocolate is bad for you.
even though unless because until as soon as while although if when before after as
Eating too much chocolate is bad for you.
Most children love it
How many of these conjunctions can you use to join the two sentences while retaining the same meaning?
Which conjunctions will work?
Why won’t the others fit in this context?

33. Phrases A phrase is a group of words that act as one unit a big dog
five minutes ago
that dog in the window

34. Clauses
A clause is a group of words that expresses an event (she drank some water) or a situation (she was thirsty). It usually contains a subject and a verb.
a big dog chased me
it was raining
when we went out
because I was tired

35. Sentences
Rule 1. A sentence is a group of words which make sense on their own.
Rule 2. It must contain a verb and a subject – this is the person or something which is doing the verb.
Rule 3. It must begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark.

36. S The queen Teachers I V was eating. teach. sleep.
Common clause structures: SV S V
The big dog was barking. S
The queen
Teachers I V
was eating.
teach.
sleep.
The National Literacy Strategy Grammar for Writing Training Session 2 © Crown Copyright 2000 5

37. S The queen Teachers V was eating . teach. O a jam sandwich.
Common clause structures: SVO S
The queen
Teachers V
was eating .
teach. O
a jam sandwich.
children.
The National Literacy Strategy Grammar for Writing Training Session 2 © Crown Copyright 2000 18

38. S The queen Teachers V was are. C a friendly person. wonderful.
Common clause structures: SVC S
The queen
Teachers V
was
are. C
a friendly person.
wonderful.
The National Literacy Strategy Grammar for Writing Training Session 2 © Crown Copyright 2000 9

39. KS2 sample paper 2016

40. Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes somebody or something.
Adjectives either come before a noun or after verbs such as be, get, seem, look, etc.
a busy day I’m busy
nice shoes those shoes look nice

41. He tugged his heavy, black coat closer but even so the cold air seemed to sneak in. As they moved further into the forest the darkness moved closer. He could no longer see the silver buttons on his coat. His hands became odd shapes in front of him. So it was that he did not see the horse’s sharp ears stick upright as she picked up on a distant sound, too soft for a human to hear. It was a sound that she knew only too well - the sound of sharp claws, the soft padding of swift feet. It was the sound of a wolf. A lean, grey wolf with sharp eyes and an empty belly padded towards them….

43. Noun phrases
The term “noun phrase” can refer to just one word, eg Tom, she, but more generally to a group of words, eg a lot of money, the best team in the world, that functions in the same way as a noun in the sentence. A noun phrase can include a determiner, eg these hats, a baby; an adjective, eg sad face, watery grave; an additional noun which acts like an adjective, eg library book; a prepositional phrase, eg man in the moon.

44. (preposition) book joke book (noun) amusing joke book (adjective)
big, amusing joke book (adjective)
that big, amusing joke book (determiner)
that big, amusing joke book on the table
(preposition)
that big, amusing joke book on the table, by the window
that big, amusing joke book on the table, by the window in the library

45. Your turn
Expand the nouns into noun phrases by adding words before and after the noun.
the bicycle
the snake
the house
the teacher

46. ADVERBS - a word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here, now, very ).

47. KS2 sample paper 2016

48. Bridie called softly. Carefully, she picked up the candle and peered into the darkness. Shadows flickered. She stood still and listened. Cautiously, she moved down the corridor. Her dress rustled and she paused. A gust of wind blew gently and the candle flickered. Fortunately, it did not blow out. Her mind raced madly. I will arrive soon, she muttered anxiously.

49. Bridie called softly. Carefully, she picked up the candle and peered into the darkness. Shadows flickered. She stood still and listened. Cautiously, she moved down the corridor. Her dress rustled and she paused. A gust of wind blew gently and the candle flickered. Fortunately, it did not blow out. Her mind raced madly. I will arrive soon, she muttered anxiously.

50. Adverbs give extra meaning to a verb
How (manner) – slowly, happily, strangely Where (place) – there, away, outside When (time) – now, soon, later How often (frequency) - ever, regularly Degrees of intensity – very slowly, fairly well

51. Adverbial phrases
An adverbial phrase is a group of words that functions in the same way as a single adverb, eg by car, three times a day, last week They left yesterday. (adverb) They left a few days ago. (adverbial phrase) She looked at me strangely. (adverb) She looked at me in a strange way. (adverbial phrase)

52. “Grammar to a writer is to a mountaineer a good pair of hiking boots or, more precisely, to a deep-sea diver an oxygen tank.”