1. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
February 7, 2017

2. Causes of the Urban Heat Island Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Heat released from buildings
Lack of shading
Heat released by traffic
Building
Materials
Reduced air flow
Longwave radiation
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

3. Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect Creating a Cooler Phoenix
1150
1100
1050
1000
5PM (High)
800
750
700
650
5am (Low)
Desert Xeric Urban Mesic Agriculture
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

4. Phoenix AZ Mean Average Temperature Creating a Cooler Phoenix
800
750
700
670
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

5. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
More hot days
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Arizona State Climate Office
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

6. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Projected warming
Southwest National Climate Assessment
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

7. Phoenix Children’s Hospital
Effects of Heat on Urban Systems
Water Use
Economy
Public Health
Zone 10
Ashley McKnight/GPCC)
Phoenix Children’s Hospital
Energy Demand
Air Quality
Thermal Comfort
AZ Capital Times
Chad Bricks/12 News
Hondula et al
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

8. Principles for creating a cooler phoenix

9. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Different and the same
Extreme heat
Urban heat island
1. The effects of extreme heat and uhi can be addressed to maximize thermal comfort and cooling and minimize energy and water use, especially in the urban core.
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

10. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Extreme Heat
Urban Heat Island
Seek comfort from the heat
Reduce night-time temperatures
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

11. Urban heat island and extreme heat ≠ One solution
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principle 2:
Urban heat island and extreme heat ≠
One solution
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

12. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
The Urban Heat Island and Extreme Heat do not have a uniform impact across Phoenix and strategies to respond to its effects will vary from one location to another.
Urban form
Street Orientation
Wind
Vegetation
Materials used in buildings/pavements
On-site design
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

13. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix

14. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Prioritize (a) The hottest areas of Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

15. Estimated surface temperature at noon – June 26
Surface temperatures Phoenix Metro July 24, 2000 at 11:00 am
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

16. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
(b) Prioritize Vulnerable Populations
Principle 3:
3b. Vulnerable populations and areas with little shading and public cooling opportunities
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

17. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Harlan, S. L., Declet-Barreto, J. H., Stefanov, W. L., & Petitti, D. B. (2013). Neighborhood Effects on Heat Deaths: Social and Environmental Predictors of Vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona. Environ Health Perspect, 121,
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

18. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
(c) Prioritize high-use public routes
Principle 3:
3c. Enhanced shade throughout the city especially where thermal comfort is important such as high use public walking routes and transportation nodes *Tree and Shade Plan
Ixnayonthetimmay
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Patrick Breen
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

19. (d) Prioritize cool islands
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
David Sailor
1100 F
Principle 3:
(d) Prioritize cool islands
3d. Developing cool islands where people are concentrated
720 F
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

20. (e) Prioritize Projects in the design stage
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Vernon Avenue Pocket Park, Christian Block, Shine Coffee
Principle 3:
(e) Prioritize Projects in the design stage
3e. City infrastructure projects that are in the design stage that could support cooling elements, such as buildings, streets and landscaping. **Downtown Phoenix Plan**
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

21. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
(f) Prioritize adding cooling guidelines to city zoning and design revisions
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

22. Foster Broad Public Support
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Principle 4:
Foster Broad Public Support
4. Implementing strategies to address uhi and eh cannoth be done solely by the city and the city alone. Broad public support is critical to success.
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
NEWS-PRESS Staff Photo

23. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Recommendation: ASU is offering to bring expertise, resources and institutional knowledge to the City of Phoenix to coordinate strategies and actions to limit the adverse impacts of the Urban Heat Island on City operations, constituents, and customers.
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

24. Principles for Creating a Cooler Phoenix Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Questions?
Contact: Melissa Guardaro
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

25. Creating a Cooler Phoenix

26. Phoenix summer days are warming… Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Last 50 years: Summer daytime highs increase about 2°F
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

27. …and summer nights are warming 2X faster Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Last 50 years: Summer nighttime lows increase about 4°F
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

28. Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Longer summers
Creating a Cooler Phoenix
Creating a Cooler Phoenix

29. Creating a Cooler Phoenix