1. CHAPTER 5
Defensive Driving

2. Most accidents are caused by what? Driver error
What is the standard accident prevention formula? Be alert, Be prepared, Act in time
Explain tailgating. Following too closely behind the vehicle directly in front
Reaction time is very important when trying to avoid a collision.

3. 5. What helps drivers with time to react in a sudden shift in traffic flow? Keeping sufficient space with all cars on every side.
6. List 3 ways that a construction zone can be identified. 1. warning signs; 2. flashing lights; 3. sign ½ mile before work zone
7. When changing lanes, you should signal lane changes and always use your rearview mirror.

4. 8. List 9 points that you should keep in mind when passing or changing lanes.
Only pass or change lanes if necessary
Only pass if it can be completed without speeding
Keep a safe following distance; do not tailgate
Check traffic ahead and behind
Only pass when road signs and pavement marking permit
Signal every lane change
Tap horn, if necessary, to signal driver ahead, except in business or residential zones
Cancel the turn signal
Return to the correct lane only when ahead of vehicle

5. 10. Explain the one car length method.
9. **If someone is passing you, you should slow down to make the pass easier.**
10. Explain the one car length method.
Keep about 20 feet following distance for each ten miles per hour of speed
11. One car length is equal to how many feet and how many mph? 20 ft/10mph
12. Explain the 3 second rule.
Choose a fixed object, such as a sign or a tree, ahead of the car directly ahead. Make sure locating the object does not cause any distraction. At least three seconds should elapse between the three cars passing the sign or tree.

6. 13. When are road surfaces most slippery?
During the first few minutes of rainfall
14. What should you do if you drive through a water puddle? Decrease speed
15. Explain hydroplaning.
Tires ride up on a film of water
16. List the ways that you can avoid hydroplaning. Do not drive on bald or badly worn tires; slow down for heavy rain, standing water or slush

7. 17. List some tips that you should do before driving in cold weather.
Let the vehicle warm up
Remove all ice and snow from the car and roof
18. Are you responsible if ice flies from your car and injures someone. YES
19. How should you use your brakes when driving on ice or snow?
To use anti-lock brakes (abs) safely, do not pump the brake pedal, but keep consistent pressure on the pedal. For conventional and drum brakes, apply firm, steady pressure. Do not pump the brake to hard, which may cause the wheels to momentarily lock.

8. 20. List 6 things that can reduce your visibility to drive
20. List 6 things that can reduce your visibility to drive. Rain, fog, sun glare, snow, night
21. If your visiblity is reduced when driving on a dark road, you should increase your following distance.
22. What is the rule when you are driving on a snow covered road? 6 second following distance.

9. 23. If you are driving in fog, you should use your low beams.
24. What percentage of driving decisions are based on what a driver sees while driving?
90%
25. The range for low beams is 350 feet.
26. The range for high beams is 500 feet.
27. List 3 factors you should consider when driving at night.
Speed, reaction distance, braking distance

10. **In NJ, motorists may use studded snow tires November 15-April 1**
28. List 3 rules you should consider for safe night driving.
Turn headlights on at dusk, night, dawn, during dark days, whenever weather conditions reduce visibility to 500 feet.
Drive more slowly than during the day
Watch for road signs, slow moving or unlit vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians, and animals.
**In NJ, motorists may use studded snow tires November 15-April 1**
**While driving in a city, motorists should look 12 seconds ahead (one city block)