1. Study Guide for LA History Test

2. 1. What was Tenochtitlan? What was underneath the city?
Tenochtitlan was the ancient Aztec capital city.
It was on an island in the middle of a lake.

3. 2. Describe the first encounter with Cortes/Spaniards and the Montezuma/Aztec.
Montezuma believed Cortes was a god
Montezuma showed Cortes gold

4. 3. Who conquered the Aztec?
Spanish
Cortes

5. 4. Who conquered the Inca?
Spanish
Pizarro

6. 5. Who was Montezuma?
Ruler of the Aztec Empire when Cortes arrived

7. 6. Who was Atahualpa?
Ruler of the Inca Empire when Pizzarro arrived

8. 7. How did Pizarro end up getting all the gold from Atahualpa?
He captured Atahualpa, took his gold, and then killed him

9. 8. What was the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of goods, plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres (Americas and Europe)

10. 9. List any six items that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange.
Agricultural goods
Potatoes
Beans
Maize
Squash
Tomatoes
Chocolate
Sugarcane
Wheat
Livestock
Sheep
Goats
Pigs
Cattle
Horses
Diseases
Small pox
measles

11. 10. Why did the Spanish need slaves from Africa?
For farming, many Indigenous Americans had died because of diseases
Africans were skilled, used to the heat, and immune to the diseases

12. 11. What was Triangular Trade?
Trade of manufactured goods from Europe, raw materials from the American colonies, and slaves from Africa.

13. 12. What three cultures are blended together today in Latin America?
European
African
Indigenous American (Native American)

14. 13. Why do most people in Latin America speak Spanish or Portuguese and practice Roman Catholicism?
Due to colonization by Spain and Portugal
mix of cultures

15. 14. Define the following terms Mesitzo Creole Indigenous
Mesitzo – blend of European and Indigenous cultures
Creole – European descent (parents are European) but BORN in Latin America
Indigenous – native to a specific land

16. 15. What affect did the European colonization have on the indigenous people?
The Europeans brought over diseases and ended up killing of the natives,

17. 16. Define: Liberator and Enlightenment
Liberator – a person who fights for freedom and independence
Enlightenment – a belief system that was taught in Europe, which encouraged equality and people to be treated fairly

18. 17. Identify for each liberator….
Bolivar – highly educated, studied in Spain
Before becoming a liberator, he was studying
Liberated: Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela, Panama, Chile, and Peru
He did live to see the countries liberated
Bolivar died of tuberculosis

19. L’Ouverture
He learned to read and write because he was a house servant and they taught him. He learned of the Enlightenment from reading books.
Before becoming a liberator, he was a slave
He did not live to see Haiti become independent

20. Hidalgo
Born into a wealthy family, and had the opportunity to go to school (he was very educated)
Before he became a liberator, he was a priest
He did not live to see Mexico become independent

21. 18. Who was Fidel Castro? Leader of the Cuban Revolution
Leader of the Cuban government for 50 years
Declared Cuba a communist country

22. 19. What type of government is Cuba?
Communist

23. 20. What almost caused a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union?
Castro allowed the Soviet Union to build a nuclear missile launch complex in Cuba

24. 21. How has Cuba’s government impacted its economic relationship with the US?
U.S. has an embargo with Cuba
Meaning no trade

25. 22. What is one lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution?
Castro creating communism in Cuba
The embargo between USA and Cuba

26. 23. Who are the Zapatistas?
The Zapatistas are a guerilla group who support improved rights and living conditions for Mexico’s indigenous (native) people.
The group consists primarily of poor farmers and workers of indigenous American ancestry.

27. 24. Why were the Zapatistas upset?
They wanted land for indigenous Americans in Chiapas, Mexico
Thought NAFTA would create more poverty in the area

28. 25. How have the activities of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation changed the lives of the people in Chiapas?
The indigenous Americans and peasants of Chiapas have started their own health and education programs.